Discos virtuais: leitura de QCOW2, VMDK, VHD, VHDX e DMG

Cada contêiner é aberto como o disco que contém, somente leitura, pela mesma
open_path das imagens E01 e AFF4. VHD e VHDX diferenciais seguem a cadeia de pais.
QCOW2 com arquivo de apoio, VMDK com pai, DMG cifrado e LZFSE são recusados com o
motivo. Conferido por hash contra o 7-Zip em imagens reais do dfvfs e do VirtualBox.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Lucas RayanandClaude Sonnet 5.5 committed 2026-10-22 16:00:48 -03:00
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//! VHDX (Hyper-V): tabela de regiões, metadados, BAT com blocos de bitmap intercalados,
//! discos fixos, dinâmicos e diferenciais (pai achado pelo localizador de pai).
//!
//! O log de transações não é reproduzido: abrir a imagem nunca a escreve. Se o disco foi
//! desligado no meio de uma escrita, os dados ainda no log não aparecem.
use super::{
bad, candidate_paths, check_table, le16, le32, le64, open_parent, read_exact, read_parent,
read_vec, utf16, Backend,
};
use crate::source::{FileSource, Source};
use std::io;
use std::path::Path;
const MB: u64 = 1 << 20;
/// GUID em texto para os 16 bytes gravados em disco (três primeiros campos little-endian).
fn guid(s: &str) -> [u8; 16] {
let hex: Vec<u8> = s
.replace('-', "")
.as_bytes()
.chunks(2)
.map(|p| u8::from_str_radix(std::str::from_utf8(p).unwrap(), 16).unwrap())
.collect();
let mut g = [0u8; 16];
g[..4].copy_from_slice(&[hex[3], hex[2], hex[1], hex[0]]);
g[4..6].copy_from_slice(&[hex[5], hex[4]]);
g[6..8].copy_from_slice(&[hex[7], hex[6]]);
g[8..].copy_from_slice(&hex[8..]);
g
}
pub(super) struct Vhdx {
file: FileSource,
size: u64,
block_size: u64,
sector_size: u64,
chunk_ratio: u64,
bat: Vec<u64>,
parent: Option<Box<dyn Source>>,
}
impl Vhdx {
pub(super) fn open(file: FileSource, path: &Path, depth: u32) -> io::Result<Self> {
let rt = read_vec(&file, 192 * 1024, 64 * 1024)?;
if &rt[..4] != b"regi" {
return Err(bad("tabela de regiões VHDX inválida"));
}
let count = le32(&rt, 8).min(2047) as usize;
let (mut bat_at, mut meta_at) = (None, None);
for i in 0..count {
let e = &rt[16 + i * 32..16 + (i + 1) * 32];
let region = (le64(e, 16), le32(e, 24) as u64);
if e[..16] == guid("2DC27766-F623-4200-9D64-115E9BFD4A08") {
bat_at = Some(region);
} else if e[..16] == guid("8B7CA206-4790-4B9A-B8FE-575F050F886E") {
meta_at = Some(region);
}
}
let (Some((bat_off, bat_len)), Some((meta_off, meta_len))) = (bat_at, meta_at) else {
return Err(bad("regiões BAT e metadados não encontradas"));
};
let meta = read_vec(&file, meta_off, meta_len.min(MB) as usize)?;
if &meta[..8] != b"metadata" {
return Err(bad("região de metadados VHDX inválida"));
}
let items = le16(&meta, 10) as usize;
let find = |id: [u8; 16]| -> Option<&[u8]> {
(0..items).find_map(|i| {
let e = meta.get(32 + i * 32..32 + (i + 1) * 32)?;
if e[..16] != id {
return None;
}
let (o, l) = (le32(e, 16) as usize, le32(e, 20) as usize);
meta.get(o..o + l)
})
};
let params = find(guid("CAA16737-FA36-4D43-B3B6-33F0AA44E76B"))
.filter(|p| p.len() >= 8)
.ok_or_else(|| bad("parâmetros do arquivo VHDX ausentes"))?;
let block_size = le32(params, 0) as u64;
let has_parent = le32(params, 4) & 2 != 0;
let size = find(guid("2FA54224-CD1B-4876-B211-5DBED83BF4B8"))
.filter(|p| p.len() >= 8)
.map(|p| le64(p, 0))
.ok_or_else(|| bad("tamanho do disco VHDX ausente"))?;
let sector_size = find(guid("8141BF1D-A96F-4709-BA47-F233A8FAAB5F"))
.filter(|p| p.len() >= 4)
.map(|p| le32(p, 0) as u64)
.unwrap_or(512);
if block_size < MB || !block_size.is_power_of_two() || !matches!(sector_size, 512 | 4096) {
return Err(bad("parâmetros VHDX inválidos"));
}
let chunk_ratio = (1u64 << 23) * sector_size / block_size;
let payload = size.div_ceil(block_size);
// Com pai, cada trecho termina com a entrada do bitmap de setores, mesmo que o disco acabe antes.
let want = if has_parent {
payload.div_ceil(chunk_ratio) * (chunk_ratio + 1)
} else {
payload + payload.div_ceil(chunk_ratio)
};
let n = check_table(want.min(bat_len / 8), 8, "BAT")?;
let raw = read_vec(&file, bat_off, n * 8)?;
let bat = raw.chunks_exact(8).map(|c| le64(c, 0)).collect();
let parent = if has_parent {
let loc = find(guid("A8D35F2D-B30B-454D-ABF7-D3D84834AB0C"))
.ok_or_else(|| bad("localizador de pai VHDX ausente"))?;
let count = if loc.len() >= 20 {
le16(loc, 18) as usize
} else {
0
};
let mut names = vec![];
for i in 0..count {
let Some(e) = loc.get(20 + i * 12..20 + (i + 1) * 12) else {
break;
};
let (ko, vo) = (le32(e, 0) as usize, le32(e, 4) as usize);
let (ks, vs) = (le16(e, 8) as usize, le16(e, 10) as usize);
let (Some(k), Some(v)) = (loc.get(ko..ko + ks), loc.get(vo..vo + vs)) else {
continue;
};
let key = utf16(k, false);
if matches!(
key.as_str(),
"relative_path" | "absolute_win32_path" | "volume_path"
) {
names.push(utf16(v, false));
}
}
let dir = path.parent().unwrap_or(Path::new("."));
Some(open_parent(&candidate_paths(dir, &names), depth)?)
} else {
None
};
Ok(Self {
file,
size,
block_size,
sector_size,
chunk_ratio,
bat,
parent,
})
}
fn bat(&self, i: u64) -> u64 {
self.bat.get(i as usize).copied().unwrap_or(0)
}
}
impl Backend for Vhdx {
fn size(&self) -> u64 {
self.size
}
fn read_chunk(&self, voff: u64, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
let block = voff / self.block_size;
let within = voff % self.block_size;
let mut n = buf.len().min((self.block_size - within) as usize);
let e = self.bat(block + block / self.chunk_ratio);
let off = e & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFF0_0000;
match e & 7 {
6 => {
read_exact(&self.file, off + within, &mut buf[..n])?;
}
7 => {
// Parcialmente presente: o bitmap do trecho diz, setor a setor, onde está o dado.
let chunk = block / self.chunk_ratio;
let bm_entry = self.bat(chunk * (self.chunk_ratio + 1) + self.chunk_ratio);
let ss = self.sector_size;
let per_block = self.block_size / ss;
let first = within / ss;
let last = (within + n as u64 - 1) / ss;
let base_bit = (block % self.chunk_ratio) * per_block;
let bm_off = bm_entry & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFF0_0000;
if bm_entry & 7 != 6 {
read_parent(&self.parent, voff, &mut buf[..n])?;
return Ok(n);
}
let b0 = (base_bit + first) / 8;
let b1 = (base_bit + last) / 8;
let bm = read_vec(&self.file, bm_off + b0, (b1 - b0 + 1) as usize)?;
let bit = |s: u64| {
let p = base_bit + s;
bm[(p / 8 - b0) as usize] >> (p % 8) & 1 == 1
};
let present = bit(first);
let mut s = first;
while s <= last && bit(s) == present {
s += 1;
}
n = n.min((s * ss - within) as usize);
if present {
read_exact(&self.file, off + within, &mut buf[..n])?;
} else {
read_parent(&self.parent, voff, &mut buf[..n])?;
}
}
2 | 3 => buf[..n].fill(0),
_ => read_parent(&self.parent, voff, &mut buf[..n])?,
}
Ok(n)
}
}