chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

.gitea/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-name: Relatar um problema
-description: Algo não funcionou como esperado
+name: Report a bug
+description: Something did not work as expected
 labels: [bug]
 body:
   - type: textarea
-    id: o-que
-    attributes: { label: "O que aconteceu?", description: "Passos, o que esperava e o que viu." }
+    id: what-happened
+    attributes: { label: "What happened?", description: "Steps to reproduce, expected behavior, and actual behavior." }
     validations: { required: true }
   - type: input
-    id: sistema
-    attributes: { label: "Sistema operacional e versão do Guará", placeholder: "Windows 11 / guara 0.1.0" }
+    id: system
+    attributes: { label: "Operating system and Guará version", placeholder: "Ubuntu 24.04 / guara 1.3.2" }
   - type: input
-    id: midia
-    attributes: { label: "Tipo de mídia e sistema de arquivos", placeholder: "pendrive 32 GB, FAT32" }
+    id: media
+    attributes: { label: "Media type and filesystem", placeholder: "32 GB USB drive, FAT32" }
   - type: textarea
     id: log
-    attributes: { label: "Saída do terminal (guara inspect / scan)", render: shell }
+    attributes: { label: "Terminal output (guara inspect / scan)", render: shell }