chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/src/fs/exfat.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! exFAT: conjuntos de entradas apagados (0x05/0x40/0x41) e bitmap de alocação.
+//! exFAT: deleted directory entry sets (`0x05`/`0x40`/`0x41`) and allocation bitmap.
 
 use super::{
     make_found, merge_extents, overlaps, sanitize_name, utf16le, Ctx, NewFound, VolumeScan,
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ pub fn scan(ctx: &mut Ctx, base: u64) -> VolumeScan {
         bitmap: vec![],
     };
 
-    // Diretório raiz: procura a entrada do bitmap (0x81).
+    // Root directory: locate the allocation bitmap entry (0x81).
     let root_chain = vol.chain(vol.root);
     let root_data = vol.read(&root_chain, 64 << 20);
     let mut bm: Option<(u32, u64)> = None;
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ pub fn scan(ctx: &mut Ctx, base: u64) -> VolumeScan {
             .push("exFAT: bitmap de alocação não encontrado; confiança será menor.".into());
     }
 
-    // Extents vivos: metadados (antes do heap) + clusters alocados no bitmap.
+    // Live extents: metadata region (before cluster heap) + clusters marked used in the bitmap.
     let mut live = vec![Extent::new(base, heap_off - base)];
     let mut run_start: Option<u32> = None;
     for c in 2..clusters + 2 {
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ fn walk(
             break;
         }
         let ty = e[0];
-        // 0x85 = arquivo/pasta vivo; 0x05 = apagado.
+        // 0x85 = live file/dir entry; 0x05 = deleted file/dir entry.
         if ty != 0x85 && ty != 0x05 {
             i += 1;
             continue;
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ fn walk(
         }
         let need = size.div_ceil(vol.cbytes) as u32;
         let cl: Vec<u32> = if no_chain || deleted {
-            // Apagados: a cadeia na FAT pode ter sido preservada; senão presume contíguo.
+            // Deleted files: follow the FAT chain if preserved, otherwise assume contiguous clusters.
             let chain = if !no_chain { vol.chain(first) } else { vec![] };
             if chain.len() as u32 >= need.max(1) {
                 chain