chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/src/owner.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-//! Quando o Guará roda como administrador (sudo/pkexec), tudo que ele grava para
-//! o usuário (sessões, relatórios, arquivos recuperados) pertence ao usuário que
-//! o abriu, e não ao root, e as pastas sugeridas ficam na pasta desse usuário.
+//! When Guará runs elevated as root (`sudo`/`pkexec`), all user-facing outputs
+//! (sessions, reports, recovered files) are chowned back to the invoking user
+//! rather than root, and default paths resolve inside that user's home directory.
 
 use std::io;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ pub struct User {
     pub home: PathBuf,
 }
 
-/// O usuário real por trás de um processo root iniciado por sudo/pkexec.
+/// Identifies the real non-root user who launched an elevated `sudo`/`pkexec` process.
 #[cfg(unix)]
 pub fn invoking_user() -> Option<User> {
-    // SAFETY: geteuid não tem pré-condições.
+    // SAFETY: `geteuid` has no preconditions.
     if unsafe { libc::geteuid() } != 0 {
         return None;
     }
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn invoking_user() -> Option<User> {
     lookup_user(&passwd, uid, name.as_deref())
 }
 
-/// Procura o usuário (por uid ou, na falta dele, por nome) num conteúdo no formato do /etc/passwd.
+/// Looks up a user (by UID first, falling back to username) in `/etc/passwd`-formatted text.
 pub fn lookup_user(passwd: &str, uid: Option<u32>, name: Option<&str>) -> Option<User> {
     for l in passwd.lines() {
         let f: Vec<&str> = l.split(':').collect();
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn invoking_user() -> Option<User> {
     None
 }
 
-/// Pasta pessoal para sugerir ao usuário (a dele, mesmo se estivermos como root).
+/// Returns the invoking user's home directory (even when running as root).
 pub fn user_home() -> PathBuf {
     if let Some(u) = invoking_user() {
         return u.home;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn user_home() -> PathBuf {
     )
 }
 
-/// Entrega o arquivo/pasta ao usuário que abriu o Guará (não faz nada fora do modo root).
+/// Transfers ownership of `path` to the invoking user (no-op when not running as root).
 pub fn give_to_user(path: &Path) {
     #[cfg(unix)]
     if let Some(u) = invoking_user() {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ pub fn give_to_user(path: &Path) {
     let _ = path;
 }
 
-/// Como `create_dir_all`, mas as pastas criadas ficam com o dono certo.
+/// Like `fs::create_dir_all`, but chowns newly created directories to the invoking user.
 pub fn create_dir_all_owned(path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
     let mut missing = vec![];
     let mut cur = Some(path);
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub fn create_dir_all_owned(path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// Como `fs::write`, mas o arquivo fica com o dono certo.
+/// Like `fs::write`, but chowns the written file to the invoking user.
 pub fn write_owned(path: &Path, bytes: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> io::Result<()> {
     if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
         create_dir_all_owned(parent)?;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ mod tests {
             (1001, 1002, "/home/maria")
         );
         assert!(lookup_user(PASSWD, Some(4242), None).is_none());
-        // o uid manda sobre o nome
+        // UID takes precedence over username
         assert_eq!(
             lookup_user(PASSWD, Some(1001), Some("lucas")).unwrap().uid,
             1001