chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/src/vdisk/vhd.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-//! VHD (Microsoft Virtual PC e Hyper-V): discos fixos, dinâmicos e diferenciais. O disco
-//! diferencial lê o pai (achado pelos localizadores do cabeçalho) nos setores que a camada
-//! filha não preencheu.
+//! VHD (Microsoft Virtual PC and Hyper-V): fixed, dynamic, and differencing disks.
+//! Differencing disks resolve parent locators (`W2ku`/`W2ru`) and fall back to the parent
+//! image for sectors not present in the child block bitmap.
 
 use super::{
     bad, be32, be64, candidate_paths, check_table, open_parent, read_exact, read_parent, read_vec,
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ fn footer_ok(f: &[u8]) -> bool {
     !sum == be32(f, 64)
 }
 
-/// VHD fixo: disco bruto seguido de um rodapé de 512 bytes.
+/// Fixed VHD: raw disk payload followed by a 512-byte `conectix` footer.
 pub(super) fn is_fixed(file: &FileSource) -> bool {
     let size = file.size();
     if size < 2 * SECTOR {