chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/src/vdisk/vhdx.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-//! VHDX (Hyper-V): tabela de regiões, metadados, BAT com blocos de bitmap intercalados,
-//! discos fixos, dinâmicos e diferenciais (pai achado pelo localizador de pai).
+//! VHDX (Hyper-V): region table, metadata table, Block Allocation Table (BAT) with interleaved
+//! sector bitmap blocks, and fixed, dynamic, and differencing disks.
+//!
+//! The VHDX transaction log is not replayed on disk (opening an image never writes to it).
 //!
-//! O log de transações não é reproduzido: abrir a imagem nunca a escreve. Se o disco foi
-//! desligado no meio de uma escrita, os dados ainda no log não aparecem.
 
 use super::{
     bad, candidate_paths, check_table, le16, le32, le64, open_parent, read_exact, read_parent,
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 
 const MB: u64 = 1 << 20;
 
-/// GUID em texto para os 16 bytes gravados em disco (três primeiros campos little-endian).
+/// Converts a hyphenated GUID string into on-disk mixed-endian 16-byte representation.
 fn guid(s: &str) -> [u8; 16] {
     let hex: Vec<u8> = s
         .replace('-', "")
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl Vhdx {
         }
         let chunk_ratio = (1u64 << 23) * sector_size / block_size;
         let payload = size.div_ceil(block_size);
-        // Com pai, cada trecho termina com a entrada do bitmap de setores, mesmo que o disco acabe antes.
+        // With a parent (`has_parent`), each chunk ratio group is followed by a sector bitmap BAT entry.
         let want = if has_parent {
             payload.div_ceil(chunk_ratio) * (chunk_ratio + 1)
         } else {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl Backend for Vhdx {
                 read_exact(&self.file, off + within, &mut buf[..n])?;
             }
             7 => {
-                // Parcialmente presente: o bitmap do trecho diz, setor a setor, onde está o dado.
+                // Partially present block: consult the chunk's sector bitmap sector by sector.
                 let chunk = block / self.chunk_ratio;
                 let bm_entry = self.bat(chunk * (self.chunk_ratio + 1) + self.chunk_ratio);
                 let ss = self.sector_size;