chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/tests/audit.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Trilha de auditoria: encadeamento por hash, detecção de adulteração e registro das ações do motor.
+//! Audit trail: SHA-256 hash chaining, tamper detection, and engine action logging.
 
 mod common;
 use common::*;
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ fn entries_are_numbered_and_chained() {
     assert!(e[0].time.ends_with('Z') && e[0].time.len() == 20);
     let v = log.verify().unwrap();
     assert!(v.ok && v.entries == 4 && v.head == e[3].hash);
-    // continua de onde parou, inclusive numa instância nova
+    // continues the chain across separate `Log` instances
     let again = Log::at(log.path());
     assert_eq!(again.append("mais", json!({})).unwrap().seq, 5);
     assert!(again.verify().unwrap().ok);
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ fn removing_or_reordering_lines_is_detected() {
     tamper(&log, |l| l.swap(1, 2));
     assert_eq!(log.verify().unwrap().broken_at.unwrap().0, 2);
 
-    // trocar o hash por outro também não passa: o seguinte deixa de continuar
+    // recomputing a single tampered line's hash still breaks the next entry's `prev_hash` link
     let (_d, log) = log_with(3);
     tamper(&log, |l| {
         let h = l[0].rsplit('"').nth(1).unwrap().to_string();