chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/tests/defrag.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ fn rebuilds_a_jpeg_split_around_another_one() {
     let mut bb = b.clone();
     pad(&mut bb);
     disk.extend_from_slice(&bb);
-    disk.extend(noise(20 * 4096, 5)); // lixo
+    disk.extend(noise(20 * 4096, 5)); // non-JPEG filler block
     let a2_off = disk.len() as u64;
     let mut rest = a[split..].to_vec();
     pad(&mut rest);
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ fn rebuilds_a_jpeg_split_around_another_one() {
 
     let mut idx = ClusterIndex::new(disk.len() as u64);
     idx.scan_chunk(0, &disk);
-    // O fragmento correto precisa estar marcado.
+    // The continuation cluster must be flagged as a JPEG entropy candidate.
     assert!(idx.get(a2_off));
     eprintln!("TRUE a2_off={a2_off}");
     let pool = Pool {
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ fn rebuilds_a_jpeg_split_around_another_one() {
         }
         other => panic!("esperava Rebuilt, veio {other:?}"),
     }
-    // O outro JPEG, íntegro, continua íntegro.
+    // The intact decoy JPEG remains a single contiguous extent.
     let pool2 = Pool {
         index: &idx,
         used: &[],
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ fn rebuilds_three_fragments_among_many_decoys() {
         decoys.push((disk.len() as u64, d.len() as u64));
         disk.extend_from_slice(&d);
         if k == 1 {
-            // segundo fragmento de A no meio
+            // second fragment of image A placed in the middle
             let off2 = disk.len() as u64;
             disk.extend_from_slice(&a[s1..s2]);
             decoys.push((off2, (s2 - s1) as u64));
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ fn rebuilds_three_fragments_among_many_decoys() {
     let used: Vec<Extent> = decoys
         .iter()
         .enumerate()
-        .filter(|(i, _)| *i != 2) // o fragmento do meio de A não é de outro arquivo
+        .filter(|(i, _)| *i != 2) // only the intact image B is marked as already claimed; A's middle fragment is unclaimed
         .map(|(_, (o, l))| Extent::new(*o, *l))
         .collect();
     let pool = Pool {