chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/tests/e2e_crypt.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Ponta a ponta: volume LUKS2 com ext4 dentro, arquivo apagado, senha informada ao Guará.
+//! End-to-end encrypted recovery: LUKS2 container holding an ext4 volume with a deleted file.
 
 mod common;
 use common::*;
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ fn deleted_file_inside_luks2_is_recovered_with_password() {
         .success());
 
     let base: Arc<dyn Source> = Arc::new(FileSource::open(&img).unwrap());
-    // Sem senha: o volume segue fechado e a varredura não inventa arquivos.
+    // Without the password: the LUKS2 volume stays locked and no plaintext files are exposed.
     let locked = assemble_source(base.clone(), &Assembly::default()).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(locked.unlocked.len(), 0);
     assert_eq!(locked.locked.len(), 1);