chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/tests/ext4.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! ext4: arquivos apagados com nome, a partir de imagens criadas com mke2fs/debugfs.
+//! ext2/3/4: deleted file recovery (with original filenames) on images built with `mke2fs`/`debugfs`.
 
 mod common;
 use common::*;
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ fn deleted_by_debugfs_keeps_extents_and_name() {
         );
         assert!(recovered(&i.img, f) == *data, "{name}");
     }
-    // O arquivo que não foi apagado não aparece.
+    // Live files that were not deleted must not be listed.
     assert!(!c
         .found
         .iter()
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ fn deleted_by_debugfs_keeps_extents_and_name() {
 
 #[test]
 fn truncated_inode_recovered_by_remnant_extents() {
-    // Simula o que o kernel faz ao apagar: tamanho zerado e contagem de extents zerada.
+    // Simulate Linux kernel `ext4_evict_inode`: zero `i_size` and `eh_entries` while leaving extent records.
     let Some(i) = build(&["-t", "ext4"]) else {
         return;
     };
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ fn truncated_inode_recovered_by_remnant_extents() {
         .find(|f| f.name == "contrato.dat")
         .expect("contrato.dat");
     assert_eq!(f.origin, Origin::Ext);
-    // Tamanho exato é perdido: recupera todos os blocos (9000 bytes arredondados para 3 blocos de 4K).
+    // Exact byte size was zeroed on deletion: recovers all 3 allocated 4 KiB blocks (12,288 bytes).
     assert_eq!(f.size, 12288);
     let got = recovered(&i.img, f);
     assert_eq!(&got[..9000], &i.files[1].1[..]);
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ fn journal_copy_restores_exact_size() {
     let Some(i) = build(&["-t", "ext4", "-O", "has_journal"]) else {
         return;
     };
-    // Bloco da tabela de inodes que contém o inode do arquivo.
+    // Locate the inode table block and byte offset for ` target ` via `debugfs imap`.
     let ino = inode_of(&i.img, "/fotos/viagem.dat");
     let o = debugfs(&i.img, &["stats"]);
     let _ = o;
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ fn journal_copy_restores_exact_size() {
         eprintln!("SKIP: debugfs sem suporte a escrita no diário: {j}");
         return;
     }
-    // Exclui e zera como o kernel faria.
+    // Delete the file and wipe its inode table slot (leaving only the journal copy).
     debugfs(
         &i.img,
         &[
@@ -260,8 +260,8 @@ fn journal_copy_restores_exact_size() {
 
 #[test]
 fn ext2_blockmap_deleted_is_not_invented() {
-    // ext2 zera os ponteiros ao apagar; sem diário não há o que recuperar por metadados,
-    // mas a varredura não pode falhar nem listar o arquivo que continua existindo.
+    // Linux ext2 zeroes block pointers on unlink; without a journal, metadata recovery finds nothing,
+    // but the scan must succeed cleanly without reporting live files as deleted.
     let Some(i) = build(&["-t", "ext2"]) else {
         return;
     };