chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/tests/hfsplus.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! HFS+: imagem real do dfvfs (target/testdata/dfvfs/hfsplus.raw) e exclusão simulada de registros.
+//! HFS+: real `dfvfs` image (`target/testdata/dfvfs/hfsplus.raw`) with simulated leaf-record deletion.
 
 mod common;
 use common::*;
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ fn pristine_volume_has_no_deleted_files_and_is_recognized() {
 fn record_left_in_leaf_slack_is_recovered() {
     let Some(mut img) = image() else { return };
     let bs = 4096usize;
-    let node = 186 * bs + bs; // catálogo começa no bloco 186; nó 1 é a única folha
-                              // Remove os 5 últimos registros como o driver faz ao apagar no fim do nó: só diminui a contagem.
+    let node = 186 * bs + bs; // catalog starts at allocation block 186; node 1 is the single leaf node
+                              // Simulate deleting the last 5 records at the end of the leaf node by decrementing `numRecords`.
     img[node + 10..node + 12].copy_from_slice(&21u16.to_be_bytes());
-    // Libera o bloco de dados (bitmap de alocação no bloco 1).
+    // Clear the allocation bitmap (at block 1) so the deleted files' data blocks are marked free.
     let blk = 278usize;
     img[bs + blk / 8] &= !(0x80 >> (blk % 8));
     let c = scan_bytes(&img);