chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/tests/raid.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-//! RAID por software: arrays gerados por codificadores independentes (faixa a faixa),
-//! lidos de volta inteiros, degradados e com superblocos md 1.x e 0.90.
+//! Software RAID tests: arrays built by independent stripe encoders and read back
+//! intact, degraded, and via Linux `mdadm` v1.x and v0.90 superblocks.
 
 use guara_core::raid::*;
 use guara_core::source::{read_vec, MemSource, Source};
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn gpow(k: usize) -> u8 {
     (0..k).fold(1, |a, _| gmul(a, 2))
 }
 
-/// Gera as imagens dos membros de um RAID 5/6 com a paridade na posição pedida.
+/// Builds member disk buffers for a RAID 5/6 array using the specified parity layout.
 fn encode_parity(level: Level, layout: Layout, n: usize, logical: &[u8]) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
     let dd = if level == Level::R6 { n - 2 } else { n - 1 };
     let rows = logical.len() / (C * dd);
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ fn encode_parity(level: Level, layout: Layout, n: usize, logical: &[u8]) -> Vec<
             _ => (r, (r + 1) % n),
         };
         let sym = matches!(layout, Layout::LeftSymmetric | Layout::RightSymmetric);
-        // ordem dos discos de dados
+        // data disk slot order for this stripe row
         let order: Vec<usize> = if sym {
             let start = if level == Level::R6 { qd + 1 } else { pd + 1 };
             (0..dd).map(|d| (start + d) % n).collect()
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ fn check(level: Level, layout: Layout, n: usize, missing: &[usize]) {
         got == logical,
         "{level:?} {layout:?} n={n} faltando {missing:?}"
     );
-    // leitura desalinhada
+    // unaligned cross-stripe read
     let part = read_vec(&r, 5000, 30000).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(part, &logical[5000..35000]);
 }
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ fn raid6_layouts_with_one_and_two_missing() {
 #[test]
 fn raid0_raid1_linear_and_raid10_near() {
     let logical = data(C * 24);
-    // RAID 0 com 3 discos
+    // 3-disk RAID 0
     let mut imgs = vec![vec![]; 3];
     for (c, ch) in logical.chunks(C).enumerate() {
         imgs[c % 3].extend_from_slice(ch);
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ fn raid0_raid1_linear_and_raid10_near() {
     ))
     .unwrap();
     assert_eq!(read_vec(&r, 0, logical.len()).unwrap(), logical);
-    // RAID 1, um membro caído
+    // 2-disk RAID 1 with first mirror missing
     let m = vec![logical.clone(), logical.clone()];
     let r = RaidSource::new(RaidParams::simple(
         Level::R1,
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ fn raid0_raid1_linear_and_raid10_near() {
     ))
     .unwrap();
     assert_eq!(read_vec(&r, 0, logical.len()).unwrap(), logical);
-    // RAID 10 near=2 com 4 discos: slots em sequência.
+    // 4-disk RAID 10 (`near = 2`): sequential slot pairs.
     let n = 4;
     let mut imgs = vec![vec![0u8; C * 12]; n];
     for (c, ch) in logical.chunks(C).enumerate() {
@@ -240,11 +240,11 @@ fn assembles_from_md_v12_superblocks_with_a_missing_disk() {
     let n = 4;
     let logical = data(C * 3 * 40);
     let imgs = encode_parity(Level::R5, Layout::LeftSymmetric, n, &logical);
-    let data_off = 2048u64; // 1 MiB em setores
+    let data_off = 2048u64; // 1 MiB in 512-byte sectors
     let mut members_in = vec![];
     for (i, im) in imgs.iter().enumerate() {
         if i == 2 {
-            continue; // disco perdido
+            continue; // simulate missing disk 2
         }
         let mut full = vec![0u8; 4096 + (data_off as usize) * 512 + im.len()];
         let sb = md_v1_super(
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ fn assembles_from_md_v12_superblocks_with_a_missing_disk() {
         );
         full[4096..8192].copy_from_slice(&sb);
         full[4096 + data_off as usize * 512..][..im.len()].copy_from_slice(im);
-        // o superbloco 1.2 fica a 4 KiB; os dados começam em data_offset a partir do início
+        // mdadm v1.2 superblock sits at 4 KiB; array data starts at `data_offset` sectors
         let mut real = vec![0u8; data_off as usize * 512 + im.len()];
         real[4096..8192].copy_from_slice(&sb);
         real[data_off as usize * 512..].copy_from_slice(im);