chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/tests/raid_detect.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Descoberta automática dos parâmetros de um RAID sem metadados.
+//! Automatic parameter detection for metadata-less RAID arrays.
 
 use guara_core::raid::Level;
 use guara_core::raid_detect;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ fn finds_raid5_chunk_layout_and_shuffled_order() {
         }
         disks[pd][row * chunk..(row + 1) * chunk].copy_from_slice(&p);
     }
-    // Entrega os discos embaralhados: fornecidos = [2, 0, 1] do array real.
+    // Pass member disks in scrambled order `[2, 0, 1]`.
     let given: Vec<Arc<dyn Source>> = [2usize, 0, 1]
         .iter()
         .map(|&i| Arc::new(MemSource(disks[i].clone())) as Arc<dyn Source>)
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ fn finds_raid5_chunk_layout_and_shuffled_order() {
     let best = &found[0];
     assert_eq!(best.level, Level::R5);
     assert_eq!(best.chunk, chunk as u64);
-    // Layouts e ordens diferentes podem ser equivalentes; o que importa é o conteúdo montado.
+    // Equivalent 3-disk parity permutations produce identical reconstructed volume bytes.
     let r = guara_core::raid::RaidSource::new(best.params(&given)).unwrap();
     let got = guara_core::source::read_vec(&r, 0, logical.len()).unwrap();
     assert!(