chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

crates/guara-core/tests/recovery.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Recuperação de ponta a ponta sobre imagens reais (FAT32, NTFS, ext4).
+//! End-to-end recovery tests across real filesystem images (FAT32, NTFS, ext4).
 
 mod common;
 use common::*;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ fn check(fs: &str, only_carvable: bool) {
             "[{fs}] não recuperado bit a bit: {path}"
         );
     }
-    // Os dois métodos juntos não podem listar o mesmo conteúdo duas vezes.
+    // Combining metadata + signature carving must deduplicate findings at the same offset.
     let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
     for f in &res.found {
         if let Some(o) = f.first_offset() {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ fn varredura_rapida_nao_faz_carving() {
             ..Default::default()
         },
     );
-    // O ext4 agora tem leitor de metadados (inodes e diário), mas a varredura rápida nunca faz carving.
+    // Quick scan runs the ext4 metadata/journal reader without running signature carving.
     assert!(res.found.iter().all(|f| f.origin != Origin::Carved));
     let res = scan_path(
         &dir.join("ntfs.img"),
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ fn varredura_rapida_nao_faz_carving() {
     );
 }
 
-/// Regressão: mkfs.vfat -F 32 em mídia pequena (< 65525 clusters) é FAT32 pelo BPB.
+/// Regression test: `mkfs.vfat -F 32` on a small image (`< 65525` clusters) is still detected as FAT32 via BPB.
 #[test]
 fn fat32_pequeno_com_poucos_clusters_e_reconhecido() {
     use std::process::Command;