chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

scripts/apt-install.sh

@@ -1,35 +1,32 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Instala pacotes do apt no CI sem depender do espelho estar rápido: usa os .deb em cache quando
-# existem e, se o apt travar ou falhar, tenta de novo com tempo limite por tentativa.
+# Installs apt packages in CI without depending on fast mirrors: reuses cached .deb
+# archives when present and retries with per-attempt timeouts if apt stalls or fails.
 #
-# Os passos de apt do CI já levaram de 13 a 28 minutos num dia de espelho lento, contra uns 35 s
-# no normal. O cache evita o download; o tempo limite evita ficar preso.
-#
-# Uso: scripts/apt-install.sh <pasta-do-cache> <pacote>...
+# Usage: scripts/apt-install.sh <cache-dir> <package>...
 set -euo pipefail
-[ $# -ge 2 ] || { echo "uso: $0 <pasta-do-cache> <pacote>..." >&2; exit 2; }
+[ $# -ge 2 ] || { echo "usage: $0 <cache-dir> <package>..." >&2; exit 2; }
 cache="$1"; shift
 pkgs=("$@")
 mkdir -p "$cache/partial"
-# O apt roda como root e deixa arquivos (lock, .deb) que o usuário do runner não lê; sem devolver a
-# posse, o actions/cache falha ao empacotar a pasta ("tar failed with exit code 2") e nunca grava.
+# apt runs as root and leaves files (lock, .deb) unreadable by non-root runner users;
+# restore ownership on exit so cache directories remain accessible.
 trap 'sudo chown -R "$(id -u):$(id -g)" "$cache" 2>/dev/null || true; rm -f "$cache/lock"' EXIT
 opts=(-o "Dir::Cache::archives=$cache" -y)
 
-# 1) com .deb em cache e índice presente: instala direto, sem nem atualizar o índice do apt
+# 1) With cached .deb files and package index present: install directly without updating apt lists
 if [ -z "$(dpkg --print-foreign-architectures)" ] && ls "$cache"/*.deb >/dev/null 2>&1 && ls /var/lib/apt/lists/*Packages* >/dev/null 2>&1 && timeout 300 sudo apt-get "${opts[@]}" install "${pkgs[@]}"; then
-  echo "instalado a partir do cache"
+  echo "installed from cache"
   exit 0
 fi
 
-# 2) sem cache (ou multiarch / incompleto): atualiza e instala, até 3 tentativas com tempo limite
-for tentativa in 1 2 3; do
+# 2) Cache miss (or multiarch / incomplete): update and install, up to 3 attempts with timeout
+for attempt in 1 2 3; do
   if timeout 240 sudo apt-get update && { [ -z "$(dpkg --print-foreign-architectures)" ] || timeout 600 sudo apt-get "${opts[@]}" upgrade; } && timeout 600 sudo apt-get "${opts[@]}" install "${pkgs[@]}"; then
-    echo "instalado (tentativa $tentativa)"
+    echo "installed (attempt $attempt)"
     exit 0
   fi
-  echo "apt falhou ou passou do tempo (tentativa $tentativa de 3)" >&2
-  sleep $((tentativa * 10))
+  echo "apt failed or timed out (attempt $attempt of 3)" >&2
+  sleep $((attempt * 10))
 done
-echo "não foi possível instalar: ${pkgs[*]}" >&2
+echo "failed to install: ${pkgs[*]}" >&2
 exit 1