chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

scripts/make-fixtures.sh

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Gera imagens de disco de teste (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, ext4) com arquivos
-# conhecidos, apaga alguns e grava os SHA-256 esperados em <saida>/expected-<fs>.txt.
+# Generates test disk images (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, ext4) populated with known files,
+# deletes a subset of them, and writes expected SHA-256 digests to <out>/expected-<fs>.txt.
 #
-# Uso: scripts/make-fixtures.sh <diretório-de-saída> [fat32 exfat ntfs ext4]
-# Requer (Linux): mtools, dosfstools, exfatprogs/exfat-fuse, ntfs-3g, e2fsprogs,
-# imagemagick, zip, python3 e FUSE para exFAT/NTFS.
+# Usage: scripts/make-fixtures.sh <output-dir> [fat32 exfat ntfs ext4]
+# Requires (Linux): mtools, dosfstools, exfatprogs/exfat-fuse, ntfs-3g, e2fsprogs,
+# imagemagick, zip, python3, and FUSE for exFAT/NTFS.
 set -euo pipefail
 
-OUT="$(realpath -m "${1:?uso: $0 <saida> [fs...]}")"
+OUT="$(realpath -m "${1:?usage: $0 <output-dir> [fs...]}")"
 shift || true
 FSES=("${@:-fat32 exfat ntfs ext4}")
 [ $# -eq 0 ] && FSES=(fat32 exfat ntfs ext4)
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ SIZE_MB=96
 CONTENT="$OUT/content"
 rm -rf "$CONTENT"; mkdir -p "$CONTENT/Documentos/Trabalho" "$CONTENT/Fotos"
 
-# --- conteúdo de teste (mistura de formatos com e sem assinatura) ---
+# --- test content (mix of formats with and without file signatures) ---
 convert -size 1400x900 plasma:fractal -quality 92 "$CONTENT/Fotos/praia.jpg"
 convert -size 900x700 plasma:red-blue "$CONTENT/Fotos/montanha.png"
 convert -size 600x400 plasma:green-yellow "$CONTENT/Fotos/mantida.jpg"
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ head -c 3000000 /dev/urandom > "$CONTENT/Documentos/dados.bin"
 python3 - "$CONTENT" <<'PY'
 import sys, sqlite3, os
 d = sys.argv[1]
-pdf = b"%PDF-1.4\n" + b"".join(b"%% linha %d preenchimento %s\n" % (i, os.urandom(40).hex().encode()) for i in range(6000)) + b"trailer\n<< /Root 1 0 R >>\n%%EOF\n"
+pdf = b"%PDF-1.4\n" + b"".join(b"%% line %d padding %s\n" % (i, os.urandom(40).hex().encode()) for i in range(6000)) + b"trailer\n<< /Root 1 0 R >>\n%%EOF\n"
 open(d + "/Documentos/Trabalho/relatorio.pdf", "wb").write(pdf)
 db = d + "/Documentos/contatos.db"
 c = sqlite3.connect(db)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ mkdir -p "$OUT/zip" && ( cd "$OUT/zip" && rm -rf * && mkdir -p word _rels && ech
   && head -c 400000 /dev/urandom | base64 > word/document.xml && zip -q -r "$CONTENT/Documentos/Trabalho/tese.docx" . )
 rm -rf "$OUT/zip"
 
-# Arquivos que serão APAGADOS (caminhos relativos a $CONTENT)
+# Files that will be DELETED (paths relative to $CONTENT)
 DELETE=(Fotos/praia.jpg Fotos/montanha.png Documentos/Trabalho/notas.txt Documentos/Trabalho/relatorio.pdf Documentos/Trabalho/tese.docx Documentos/contatos.db Documentos/dados.bin)
 
 write_expected() { # $1=fs
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ for fs in "${FSES[@]}"; do
       for f in "${DELETE[@]}"; do mdel -i "$img" "::/$f"; done
       ;;
     exfat)
-      # Sem FUSE sem privilégio, só o sistema vazio é criado aqui; o teste em Rust
-      # injeta as entradas (veja crates/guara-core/tests/exfat.rs).
+      # Without unprivileged FUSE, only the empty filesystem is formatted here;
+      # the Rust test injects entries directly (see crates/guara-core/tests/exfat.rs).
       mkfs.exfat -L GUARATEST "$img" >/dev/null
       ;;
     ntfs)
-      # ntfscp só grava na raiz; "apagar" = limpar o bit "em uso" do registro da MFT,
-      # exatamente o que o NTFS faz (clusters e nome permanecem no disco).
+      # ntfscp writes to the root directory; "deleting" clears the in-use bit on the MFT
+      # record, matching standard NTFS deletion behavior (clusters and filename remain).
       mkntfs -F -Q -L GUARATEST "$img" >/dev/null 2>&1
       for f in $(cd "$CONTENT" && find . -type f | sed 's|^\./||'); do
         ntfscp -f "$img" "$CONTENT/$f" "/$(basename "$f")" >/dev/null 2>&1