APFS: contêiner, mapa de objetos, árvore de arquivos, instantâneos e nós antigos

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Lucas RayanandClaude Sonnet 5.5 committed 2026-10-19 01:33:14 -03:00
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//! APFS (volumes sem cifragem): lê o contêiner, o mapa de objetos e a árvore de arquivos de cada
//! volume; arquivos apagados vêm de duas fontes: as árvores dos instantâneos (snapshots) e os nós
//! antigos da árvore (copy-on-write) que ainda estão no disco. Volumes cifrados (FileVault) são
//! detectados e deixados para a varredura por assinatura.
use super::{make_found, Ctx, NewFound, VolumeScan};
use crate::source::{read_vec, Source};
use crate::types::{Confidence, DataLoc, Extent, Origin};
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
fn le16(b: &[u8], o: usize) -> u16 {
b.get(o..o + 2).map(|s| u16::from_le_bytes([s[0], s[1]])).unwrap_or(0)
}
fn le32(b: &[u8], o: usize) -> u32 {
b.get(o..o + 4).map(|s| u32::from_le_bytes(s.try_into().unwrap())).unwrap_or(0)
}
fn le64(b: &[u8], o: usize) -> u64 {
b.get(o..o + 8).map(|s| u64::from_le_bytes(s.try_into().unwrap())).unwrap_or(0)
}
const OBJ_TYPE_MASK: u32 = 0xFFFF;
const T_BTREE_ROOT: u32 = 2;
const T_BTREE_NODE: u32 = 3;
const SUBTYPE_FSTREE: u32 = 0x0E;
// tipos de registro da árvore de arquivos
const R_SNAP_METADATA: u8 = 1;
const R_INODE: u8 = 3;
const R_FILE_EXTENT: u8 = 8;
const R_DIR_REC: u8 = 9;
/// Soma de verificação Fletcher-64 do APFS (cobre o bloco menos os 8 bytes iniciais).
pub fn fletcher64(data: &[u8]) -> u64 {
let (mut s1, mut s2) = (0u64, 0u64);
for w in data.chunks_exact(4) {
s1 = (s1 + u32::from_le_bytes(w.try_into().unwrap()) as u64) % 0xFFFF_FFFF;
s2 = (s2 + s1) % 0xFFFF_FFFF;
}
let c1 = 0xFFFF_FFFF - ((s1 + s2) % 0xFFFF_FFFF);
let c2 = 0xFFFF_FFFF - ((s1 + c1) % 0xFFFF_FFFF);
(c2 << 32) | c1
}
struct Apfs<'a> {
src: &'a dyn Source,
base: u64,
bs: u64,
blocks: u64,
}
struct BNode {
flags: u16,
level: u16,
/// (chave, valor) por entrada
entries: Vec<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)>,
oid: u64,
xid: u64,
}
impl<'a> Apfs<'a> {
fn block(&self, paddr: u64) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
if paddr >= self.blocks {
return None;
}
let b = read_vec(self.src, self.base + paddr * self.bs, self.bs as usize).ok()?;
(b.len() as u64 == self.bs).then_some(b)
}
fn checked_block(&self, paddr: u64) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
let b = self.block(paddr)?;
(fletcher64(&b[8..]) == le64(&b, 0)).then_some(b)
}
fn parse_node(&self, b: &[u8], fixed_k: usize, fixed_v: usize) -> Option<BNode> {
let flags = le16(b, 32);
let level = le16(b, 34);
let n = le32(b, 36) as usize;
let toc_off = le16(b, 40) as usize;
let toc_len = le16(b, 42) as usize;
let is_fixed = flags & 4 != 0;
let is_root = flags & 1 != 0;
let key_base = 56 + toc_off + toc_len;
let val_end = b.len() - if is_root { 40 } else { 0 };
let mut entries = Vec::with_capacity(n);
for i in 0..n {
let (koff, klen, voff, vlen);
if is_fixed {
let o = 56 + toc_off + i * 4;
koff = le16(b, o) as usize;
voff = le16(b, o + 2) as usize;
klen = fixed_k;
vlen = if level == 0 { fixed_v } else { 8 };
} else {
let o = 56 + toc_off + i * 8;
koff = le16(b, o) as usize;
klen = le16(b, o + 2) as usize;
voff = le16(b, o + 4) as usize;
vlen = le16(b, o + 6) as usize;
}
let ks = key_base + koff;
let k = b.get(ks..ks + klen)?.to_vec();
let v = if voff == 0xFFFF { vec![] } else { b.get(val_end.checked_sub(voff)?..)?.get(..vlen)?.to_vec() };
entries.push((k, v));
}
Some(BNode { flags, level, entries, oid: le64(b, 8), xid: le64(b, 16) })
}
/// Todas as entradas de uma árvore física (mapa de objetos): filhos são endereços físicos.
fn walk_physical(&self, root: u64, fixed_k: usize, fixed_v: usize, f: &mut dyn FnMut(&[u8], &[u8])) {
let mut stack = vec![(root, 0u32)];
let mut seen = HashSet::new();
while let Some((p, depth)) = stack.pop() {
if depth > 8 || !seen.insert(p) {
continue;
}
let Some(b) = self.checked_block(p) else { continue };
let Some(n) = self.parse_node(&b, fixed_k, fixed_v) else { continue };
if n.level == 0 {
for (k, v) in &n.entries {
f(k, v);
}
} else {
for (_, v) in n.entries.iter().rev() {
stack.push((le64(v, 0), depth + 1));
}
}
}
}
/// Mapa de objetos: oid -> [(xid, paddr)] ordenado por xid.
fn omap(&self, omap_paddr: u64) -> HashMap<u64, Vec<(u64, u64)>> {
let mut m: HashMap<u64, Vec<(u64, u64)>> = HashMap::new();
let Some(ob) = self.checked_block(omap_paddr) else { return m };
let tree = le64(&ob, 48);
self.walk_physical(tree, 16, 16, &mut |k, v| {
m.entry(le64(k, 0)).or_default().push((le64(k, 8), le64(v, 8)));
});
for v in m.values_mut() {
v.sort();
}
m
}
}
fn lookup(m: &HashMap<u64, Vec<(u64, u64)>>, oid: u64, max_xid: u64) -> Option<u64> {
m.get(&oid)?.iter().rev().find(|(x, _)| *x <= max_xid).map(|(_, p)| *p)
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------- registros
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
struct Inode {
parent: u64,
private_id: u64,
mtime: i64,
ctime: i64,
atime: i64,
mode: u16,
size: u64,
name: Option<String>,
has: bool,
compressed: bool,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
struct FileRec {
inode: Inode,
names: BTreeMap<u64, String>, // pai -> nome
}
type Files = HashMap<u64, FileRec>;
type Extents = HashMap<u64, BTreeMap<u64, (u64, u64, u64)>>; // private_id -> logical -> (len, paddr, crypto)
fn ns(t: u64) -> i64 {
(t / 1_000_000_000) as i64
}
fn add_record(files: &mut Files, extents: &mut Extents, k: &[u8], v: &[u8]) {
let hdr = le64(k, 0);
let (id, ty) = (hdr & 0x0FFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF, (hdr >> 60) as u8);
match ty {
R_INODE if v.len() >= 92 => {
let e = files.entry(id).or_default();
let mut ino = Inode {
parent: le64(v, 0),
private_id: le64(v, 8),
ctime: ns(le64(v, 16)), // criação
mtime: ns(le64(v, 24)),
atime: ns(le64(v, 40)),
mode: le16(v, 80),
size: le64(v, 84).max(0),
has: true,
..Default::default()
};
let flags = le64(v, 48);
ino.compressed = le32(v, 68) & 0x20 != 0;
let _ = flags;
// campos estendidos
let xf = &v[92..];
if xf.len() >= 4 {
let n = le16(xf, 0) as usize;
let mut p = 4 + n * 4;
for i in 0..n {
let (xt, xs) = (xf[4 + i * 4], le16(xf, 6 + i * 4) as usize);
let data = xf.get(p..p + xs).unwrap_or(&[]);
match xt {
4 => ino.name = Some(String::from_utf8_lossy(data.split(|&c| c == 0).next().unwrap_or(&[])).to_string()),
8 if data.len() >= 8 => ino.size = le64(data, 0),
_ => {}
}
p += xs.div_ceil(8) * 8;
}
}
e.inode = ino;
}
R_DIR_REC if k.len() > 12 && v.len() >= 18 => {
let nl = (le32(k, 8) & 0x3FF) as usize;
if let Some(name) = k.get(12..12 + nl) {
let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name.split(|&c| c == 0).next().unwrap_or(&[])).to_string();
files.entry(le64(v, 0)).or_default().names.insert(id, name);
}
}
R_FILE_EXTENT if k.len() >= 16 && v.len() >= 24 => {
let len = le64(v, 0) & 0x00FF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF;
extents.entry(id).or_default().insert(le64(k, 8), (len, le64(v, 8), le64(v, 16)));
}
_ => {}
}
}
impl Apfs<'_> {
/// Percorre a árvore de arquivos a partir de uma raiz virtual.
fn walk_fstree(&self, root_oid: u64, omap: &HashMap<u64, Vec<(u64, u64)>>, xid: u64, f: &mut dyn FnMut(&[u8], &[u8], u64)) {
let Some(rp) = lookup(omap, root_oid, xid) else { return };
let mut stack = vec![(rp, 0u32)];
let mut seen = HashSet::new();
while let Some((p, depth)) = stack.pop() {
if depth > 10 || !seen.insert(p) {
continue;
}
let Some(b) = self.checked_block(p) else { continue };
let Some(n) = self.parse_node(&b, 16, 16) else { continue };
if n.level == 0 {
for (k, v) in &n.entries {
f(k, v, p);
}
} else {
for (_, v) in n.entries.iter().rev() {
if let Some(cp) = lookup(omap, le64(v, 0), xid) {
stack.push((cp, depth + 1));
}
}
}
}
}
}
fn path_of(files: &Files, mut id: u64) -> String {
let mut parts = vec![];
for _ in 0..64 {
if id == 2 || id == 1 {
break;
}
match files.get(&id).and_then(|f| f.names.iter().next().map(|(p, n)| (*p, n.clone()))) {
Some((p, n)) => {
parts.push(n);
id = p;
}
None => break,
}
}
parts.reverse();
parts.join("/")
}
struct Volume {
name: String,
omap_paddr: u64,
root_oid: u64,
snap_tree_oid: u64,
encrypted: bool,
}
fn parse_volume(b: &[u8]) -> Option<Volume> {
if &b[32..36] != b"APSB" {
return None;
}
let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(&b[704..960]).split('\0').next().unwrap_or("").to_string();
Some(Volume {
name,
omap_paddr: le64(b, 128),
root_oid: le64(b, 136),
snap_tree_oid: le64(b, 152),
encrypted: le64(b, 264) & 1 == 0,
})
}
fn open_container<'a>(src: &'a dyn Source, base: u64) -> Option<(Apfs<'a>, Vec<u8>)> {
let b0 = read_vec(src, base, 4096).ok()?;
if b0.len() < 4096 || &b0[32..36] != b"NXSB" {
return None;
}
let bs = le32(&b0, 36) as u64;
let blocks = le64(&b0, 40);
if !(4096..=65536).contains(&bs) || !bs.is_power_of_two() {
return None;
}
let a = Apfs { src, base, bs, blocks };
// O superbloco mais recente está na área de descritores de checkpoint.
let desc_blocks = le32(&b0, 104) as u64;
let desc_base = le64(&b0, 112);
let mut best = b0.clone();
for i in 0..desc_blocks {
if let Some(b) = a.checked_block(desc_base as u64 + i) {
if &b[32..36] == b"NXSB" && le64(&b, 16) > le64(&best, 16) {
best = b;
}
}
}
Some((a, best))
}
pub fn scan(ctx: &mut Ctx, base: u64, part_len: u64) -> VolumeScan {
let _ = part_len;
let mut res = VolumeScan::default();
let Some((a, nx)) = open_container(ctx.src, base) else { return res };
let Some(cont_omap_block) = a.checked_block(le64(&nx, 160)) else { return res };
let _ = cont_omap_block;
let container_omap = a.omap(le64(&nx, 160));
let max_fs = le32(&nx, 180).min(100) as usize;
let mut vols: Vec<Volume> = vec![];
for i in 0..max_fs {
let oid = le64(&nx, 184 + i * 8);
if oid == 0 {
continue;
}
if let Some(p) = lookup(&container_omap, oid, u64::MAX) {
if let Some(b) = a.checked_block(p) {
if let Some(v) = parse_volume(&b) {
vols.push(v);
}
}
}
}
let nvols = vols.len();
for v in &vols {
if v.encrypted {
res.warnings.push(format!("APFS: o volume \"{}\" está cifrado (FileVault); os arquivos só são legíveis com a chave, então use a varredura por assinatura apenas se o volume já estiver aberto.", v.name));
continue;
}
scan_volume(ctx, &a, v, nvols == 1, &mut res);
if (ctx.cancelled)() {
return res;
}
}
res
}
fn scan_volume(ctx: &mut Ctx, a: &Apfs, v: &Volume, allow_stale_scan: bool, res: &mut VolumeScan) {
let omap = a.omap(v.omap_paddr);
let current_xid = u64::MAX;
// Árvore atual.
let mut live: Files = HashMap::new();
let mut live_ext: Extents = HashMap::new();
let mut live_nodes: HashSet<u64> = HashSet::new();
a.walk_fstree(v.root_oid, &omap, current_xid, &mut |k, val, node| {
live_nodes.insert(node);
add_record(&mut live, &mut live_ext, k, val);
});
// Instantâneos.
let mut stale: Files = HashMap::new();
let mut stale_ext: Extents = HashMap::new();
if v.snap_tree_oid != 0 {
if let Some(sp) = lookup(&omap, v.snap_tree_oid, current_xid).or(Some(v.snap_tree_oid)) {
let mut snaps: Vec<(u64, u64)> = vec![]; // (xid, sblock paddr)
let mut stack = vec![sp];
let mut seen = HashSet::new();
while let Some(p) = stack.pop() {
if !seen.insert(p) {
continue;
}
let Some(b) = a.checked_block(p) else { continue };
let Some(n) = a.parse_node(&b, 0, 0) else { continue };
if n.level == 0 {
for (k, val) in &n.entries {
let hdr = le64(k, 0);
if (hdr >> 60) as u8 == R_SNAP_METADATA && val.len() >= 40 {
snaps.push((hdr & 0x0FFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF, le64(val, 8)));
}
}
} else {
for (_, val) in &n.entries {
// árvore de metadados de snapshot: filhos físicos ou virtuais
let c = le64(val, 0);
stack.push(lookup(&omap, c, current_xid).unwrap_or(c));
}
}
}
for (xid, sblock) in snaps {
let Some(sb) = a.checked_block(sblock) else { continue };
let Some(sv) = parse_volume(&sb) else { continue };
a.walk_fstree(sv.root_oid, &omap, xid, &mut |k, val, _| {
add_record(&mut stale, &mut stale_ext, k, val);
});
}
}
}
// Nós antigos da árvore de arquivos.
if allow_stale_scan {
let total = a.blocks;
for p in 0..total {
if p % 4096 == 0 {
if (ctx.cancelled)() {
return;
}
(ctx.progress)(p, total);
}
let Some(b) = a.block(p) else { continue };
let ty = le32(&b, 24) & OBJ_TYPE_MASK;
if (ty != T_BTREE_NODE && ty != T_BTREE_ROOT) || le32(&b, 28) != SUBTYPE_FSTREE || le16(&b, 34) != 0 {
continue;
}
if live_nodes.contains(&p) || fletcher64(&b[8..]) != le64(&b, 0) {
continue;
}
if let Some(n) = a.parse_node(&b, 16, 16) {
let _ = (n.oid, n.xid, n.flags);
for (k, val) in &n.entries {
add_record(&mut stale, &mut stale_ext, k, val);
}
}
}
}
// Arquivos que só existem nas versões antigas.
let mut ids: Vec<&u64> = stale.keys().collect();
ids.sort();
let mut seen_first: HashSet<u64> = HashSet::new();
for id in ids {
if live.get(id).map_or(false, |f| f.inode.has) {
continue;
}
let rec = &stale[id];
let ino = &rec.inode;
if !ino.has || ino.mode & 0o170000 != 0o100000 || ino.size == 0 {
continue;
}
let Some(ex) = stale_ext.get(&ino.private_id) else { continue };
if ex.values().any(|e| e.2 != 0) {
continue; // extensão cifrada
}
// nome e pasta: da entrada de diretório, senão do próprio inode
let (name, parent) = match rec.names.iter().next() {
Some((p, n)) => (n.clone(), *p),
None => match &ino.name {
Some(n) => (n.clone(), ino.parent),
None => (format!("arquivo_{id}"), ino.parent),
},
};
let merged: Files = stale.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, v.clone())).chain(live.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, v.clone()))).collect();
let dir = Some(format!("/{}", path_of(&merged, parent)).replace("//", "/"));
let mut extents: Vec<Extent> = vec![];
let mut pos = 0u64;
let mut ok = true;
for (&lo, &(len, paddr, _)) in ex {
if lo > pos {
extents.push(Extent { offset: 0, len: lo - pos, sparse: true });
}
if paddr == 0 {
extents.push(Extent { offset: 0, len, sparse: true });
} else if paddr < a.blocks {
extents.push(Extent::new(a.base + paddr * a.bs, len));
} else {
ok = false;
}
pos = lo + len;
}
if !ok || pos < ino.size.min(1) {
continue;
}
let extents = super::fat::trim_extents(extents, ino.size);
let Some(first) = extents.iter().find(|e| !e.sparse) else { continue };
if !seen_first.insert(first.offset) {
continue;
}
let note = if ino.compressed { "arquivo comprimido pelo macOS (decmpfs): o conteúdo pode estar incompleto" } else { "versão antiga da árvore ou instantâneo do APFS" };
let ts = |t: i64| (t > 0).then_some(t);
let nf = NewFound {
name,
dir,
size: ino.size,
origin: Origin::Apfs,
data: DataLoc::Extents { extents },
modified: ts(ino.mtime),
created: ts(ino.ctime),
accessed: ts(ino.atime),
base: if ino.compressed { Confidence::Low } else { Confidence::Medium },
note: Some(note),
};
let f = make_found(ctx, nf);
(ctx.emit)(f);
}
let _ = res;
}
/// Arquivos e pastas atuais do primeiro volume sem cifragem (caminho, tamanho, é pasta).
pub fn live_paths(src: &dyn Source, base: u64) -> Vec<(String, u64, bool)> {
let Some((a, nx)) = open_container(src, base) else { return vec![] };
let cont = a.omap(le64(&nx, 160));
let mut out = vec![];
for i in 0..le32(&nx, 180).min(100) as usize {
let oid = le64(&nx, 184 + i * 8);
let Some(p) = lookup(&cont, oid, u64::MAX) else { continue };
let Some(vb) = a.checked_block(p) else { continue };
let Some(v) = parse_volume(&vb) else { continue };
if v.encrypted {
continue;
}
let omap = a.omap(v.omap_paddr);
let mut files: Files = HashMap::new();
let mut ext: Extents = HashMap::new();
a.walk_fstree(v.root_oid, &omap, u64::MAX, &mut |k, val, _| add_record(&mut files, &mut ext, k, val));
for (&id, f) in &files {
if !f.inode.has || id <= 2 {
continue;
}
out.push((path_of(&files, id), f.inode.size, f.inode.mode & 0o170000 == 0o040000));
}
}
out.sort();
out
}
+1
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@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
//! devolve os extents ainda alocados ("live") para o carving pular e, quando
//! possível, os trechos livres.
pub mod apfs;
pub mod btrfs;
pub mod exfat;
pub mod ext;
+1
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@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ pub fn run(
FsKind::HfsPlus => Some(fs::hfsplus::scan(&mut ctx, p.start, p.len)),
FsKind::Btrfs => Some(fs::btrfs::scan(&mut ctx, p.start, p.len)),
FsKind::Xfs => Some(fs::xfs::scan(&mut ctx, p.start, p.len)),
FsKind::Apfs => Some(fs::apfs::scan(&mut ctx, p.start, p.len)),
_ => None,
};
let _ = progress_phase;
+1 -1
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@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ impl FsKind {
pub fn has_metadata_scanner(self) -> bool {
matches!(
self,
FsKind::Ntfs | FsKind::Fat12 | FsKind::Fat16 | FsKind::Fat32 | FsKind::Exfat | FsKind::Ext | FsKind::HfsPlus | FsKind::Btrfs | FsKind::Xfs
FsKind::Ntfs | FsKind::Fat12 | FsKind::Fat16 | FsKind::Fat32 | FsKind::Exfat | FsKind::Ext | FsKind::HfsPlus | FsKind::Btrfs | FsKind::Xfs | FsKind::Apfs
)
}
}
+228
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@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
//! APFS: imagem real do dfvfs (4 checkpoints) e exclusão simulada pela troca da raiz da árvore.
mod common;
use common::*;
use guara_core::fs::apfs::{fletcher64, live_paths};
use guara_core::source::FileSource;
use guara_core::*;
use std::path::PathBuf;
fn img() -> Option<PathBuf> {
let p = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("../../target/testdata/dfvfs/apfs.raw");
p.exists().then_some(p)
}
#[test]
fn reads_the_live_tree_of_the_reference_image() {
let Some(p) = img() else { return };
let src = FileSource::open(&p).unwrap();
let files = live_paths(&src, 0);
eprintln!("{files:#?}");
assert!(!files.is_empty());
let names: Vec<&str> = files.iter().map(|f| f.0.as_str()).collect();
assert!(names.iter().any(|n| n.ends_with("passwords.txt")), "{names:?}");
}
#[test]
fn checksum_matches_real_blocks() {
let Some(p) = img() else { return };
let d = std::fs::read(p).unwrap();
let b = &d[0..4096];
assert_eq!(fletcher64(&b[8..]), u64::from_le_bytes(b[0..8].try_into().unwrap()));
}
#[test]
fn quick_scan_is_clean_on_pristine_volume() {
let Some(p) = img() else { return };
init();
let c = scan_path(&p, &ScanOptions { mode: ScanMode::Quick, ..Default::default() });
assert_eq!(c.layout.as_ref().unwrap().partitions[0].fs, FsKind::Apfs);
eprintln!("{:?}", c.found.iter().map(|f| (&f.name, &f.dir, f.size)).collect::<Vec<_>>());
}
// --- manipulação bruta de nós (independente do módulo) ---
fn le16(b: &[u8], o: usize) -> usize {
u16::from_le_bytes([b[o], b[o + 1]]) as usize
}
fn le32(b: &[u8], o: usize) -> u32 {
u32::from_le_bytes(b[o..o + 4].try_into().unwrap())
}
fn le64(b: &[u8], o: usize) -> u64 {
u64::from_le_bytes(b[o..o + 8].try_into().unwrap())
}
type Entry = (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>);
fn read_node(b: &[u8]) -> (u16, Vec<Entry>) {
let flags = le16(b, 32) as u16;
let n = le32(b, 36) as usize;
let (toc_off, toc_len) = (le16(b, 40), le16(b, 42));
let root = flags & 1 != 0;
let key_base = 56 + toc_off + toc_len;
let val_end = b.len() - if root { 40 } else { 0 };
let mut out = vec![];
for i in 0..n {
let o = 56 + toc_off + i * 8;
let (ko, kl, vo, vl) = (le16(b, o), le16(b, o + 2), le16(b, o + 4), le16(b, o + 6));
out.push((b[key_base + ko..key_base + ko + kl].to_vec(), b[val_end - vo..val_end - vo + vl].to_vec()));
}
(flags, out)
}
fn write_node(old: &[u8], entries: &[Entry]) -> Vec<u8> {
let mut b = vec![0u8; old.len()];
b[..56].copy_from_slice(&old[..56]);
let flags = le16(old, 32) as u16;
let root = flags & 1 != 0;
if root {
let l = old.len();
b[l - 40..].copy_from_slice(&old[l - 40..]);
}
let n = entries.len();
b[36..40].copy_from_slice(&(n as u32).to_le_bytes());
b[40..42].copy_from_slice(&0u16.to_le_bytes());
b[42..44].copy_from_slice(&((n * 8) as u16).to_le_bytes());
let key_base = 56 + n * 8;
let val_end = old.len() - if root { 40 } else { 0 };
let (mut kpos, mut vpos) = (0usize, 0usize);
for (i, (k, v)) in entries.iter().enumerate() {
vpos += v.len();
let o = 56 + i * 8;
b[o..o + 2].copy_from_slice(&(kpos as u16).to_le_bytes());
b[o + 2..o + 4].copy_from_slice(&(k.len() as u16).to_le_bytes());
b[o + 4..o + 6].copy_from_slice(&(vpos as u16).to_le_bytes());
b[o + 6..o + 8].copy_from_slice(&(v.len() as u16).to_le_bytes());
b[key_base + kpos..key_base + kpos + k.len()].copy_from_slice(k);
b[val_end - vpos..val_end - vpos + v.len()].copy_from_slice(v);
kpos += k.len();
}
seal(&mut b);
b
}
fn seal(b: &mut [u8]) {
let c = fletcher64(&b[8..]);
b[0..8].copy_from_slice(&c.to_le_bytes());
}
#[test]
fn file_removed_from_the_current_tree_survives_in_the_old_node() {
let Some(p) = img() else { return };
let mut d = std::fs::read(&p).unwrap();
let bs = 4096usize;
let blk = |d: &[u8], n: u64| d[n as usize * bs..(n as usize + 1) * bs].to_vec();
// Superbloco mais recente do contêiner.
let (desc_blocks, desc_base) = (le32(&d, 104) as u64, le64(&d, 112));
let mut nx = d[..bs].to_vec();
for i in 0..desc_blocks {
let b = blk(&d, desc_base + i);
if &b[32..36] == b"NXSB" && le64(&b, 16) > le64(&nx, 16) {
nx = b;
}
}
// omap do contêiner -> volume
let cont_omap = blk(&d, le64(&nx, 160));
let cont_tree = blk(&d, le64(&cont_omap, 48));
let (_, cont_entries) = read_node(&{
// omap usa chaves fixas (16/16): reaproveita o leitor variável convertendo a tabela
let mut c = cont_tree.clone();
fixed_to_var(&mut c);
c
});
let vol_oid = le64(&nx, 184);
let vol_paddr = cont_entries.iter().filter(|(k, _)| le64(k, 0) == vol_oid).map(|(_, v)| le64(v, 8)).last().unwrap();
let vsb = blk(&d, vol_paddr);
let (vol_omap_paddr, root_oid) = (le64(&vsb, 128), le64(&vsb, 136));
let vol_omap = blk(&d, vol_omap_paddr);
let vol_tree_paddr = le64(&vol_omap, 48);
let mut vt = blk(&d, vol_tree_paddr);
let vt_orig = vt.clone();
fixed_to_var(&mut vt);
let (_, omap_entries) = read_node(&vt);
let (root_idx, root_paddr) = omap_entries.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, (k, _))| le64(k, 0) == root_oid).map(|(i, (_, v))| (i, le64(v, 8))).last().unwrap();
let root = blk(&d, root_paddr);
assert_eq!(le16(&root, 34), 0, "raiz deveria ser folha nesta imagem");
let (_, recs) = read_node(&root);
// inode do arquivo
let victim = b"passwords.txt";
let ino = recs.iter().find_map(|(k, v)| {
let hdr = le64(k, 0);
((hdr >> 60) == 9 && k.len() > 12 && k[12..].starts_with(victim)).then(|| le64(v, 0))
}).expect("entrada de diretório");
let private_id = recs.iter().find_map(|(k, v)| ((le64(k, 0) >> 60) == 3 && (le64(k, 0) & 0x0FFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF) == ino).then(|| le64(v, 8))).unwrap();
let kept: Vec<Entry> = recs
.iter()
.filter(|(k, v)| {
let hdr = le64(k, 0);
let (id, ty) = (hdr & 0x0FFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF, hdr >> 60);
let drec_of_victim = ty == 9 && k.len() > 12 && k[12..].starts_with(victim) && le64(v, 0) == ino;
!(id == ino && ty != 9 || id == private_id && ty == 8 || drec_of_victim)
})
.cloned()
.collect();
assert!(kept.len() < recs.len());
let newnode = write_node(&root, &kept);
// bloco livre para a nova versão
let free = (10..d.len() / bs).find(|&n| d[n * bs..(n + 1) * bs].iter().all(|&x| x == 0) && n != vol_tree_paddr as usize).expect("bloco livre");
d[free * bs..(free + 1) * bs].copy_from_slice(&newnode);
// aponta o mapa de objetos para a nova versão (mesmo xid), editando o valor da entrada
let toc_off = le16(&vt_orig, 40);
let key_base = 56 + toc_off + le16(&vt_orig, 42);
let _ = key_base;
let val_end = bs - 40;
let vo = le16(&vt_orig, 56 + toc_off + root_idx * 4 + 2);
let at = vol_tree_paddr as usize * bs + val_end - vo + 8;
d[at..at + 8].copy_from_slice(&(free as u64).to_le_bytes());
let mut ob = d[vol_tree_paddr as usize * bs..(vol_tree_paddr as usize + 1) * bs].to_vec();
seal(&mut ob);
d[vol_tree_paddr as usize * bs..(vol_tree_paddr as usize + 1) * bs].copy_from_slice(&ob);
let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
let p2 = dir.path().join("a.img");
std::fs::write(&p2, &d).unwrap();
// O arquivo sumiu da árvore atual...
let src = FileSource::open(&p2).unwrap();
assert!(!live_paths(&src, 0).iter().any(|f| f.0 == "passwords.txt"));
init();
let c = scan_path(&p2, &ScanOptions { mode: ScanMode::Deep, ..Default::default() });
let f = c.found.iter().find(|f| f.origin == Origin::Apfs && f.name == "passwords.txt").unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{:?}", c.found.iter().map(|f| (&f.name, f.origin)).collect::<Vec<_>>()));
assert_eq!(f.size, 116);
let out = dir.path().join("out");
let rep = recover_all(&p2, std::slice::from_ref(f), &out);
assert!(rep.failed.is_empty());
let rp = PathBuf::from(&rep.recovered[0].path);
let got = std::fs::read(if rp.is_absolute() { rp } else { out.join(rp) }).unwrap();
assert_eq!(got.len(), 116);
assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&got).chars().all(|c| !c.is_control() || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t'), "{got:?}");
}
/// Converte a tabela de entradas fixas (4 bytes) de um nó de omap para o formato variável (8 bytes) em memória.
fn fixed_to_var(b: &mut Vec<u8>) {
let flags = le16(b, 32) as u16;
if flags & 4 == 0 {
return;
}
let n = le32(b, 36) as usize;
let (toc_off, toc_len) = (le16(b, 40), le16(b, 42));
let key_base = 56 + toc_off + toc_len;
let root = flags & 1 != 0;
let val_end = b.len() - if root { 40 } else { 0 };
let mut entries: Vec<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> = vec![];
for i in 0..n {
let o = 56 + toc_off + i * 4;
let (ko, vo) = (le16(b, o), le16(b, o + 2));
entries.push((b[key_base + ko..key_base + ko + 16].to_vec(), b[val_end - vo..val_end - vo + 16].to_vec()));
}
let mut nb = b.clone();
nb[32..34].copy_from_slice(&(flags & !4).to_le_bytes());
*b = write_node_flagsless(&nb, &entries);
}
fn write_node_flagsless(old: &[u8], entries: &[Entry]) -> Vec<u8> {
let mut b = write_node(old, entries);
// write_node usa as flags de `old`
let fl = le16(&b, 32) as u16;
b[32..34].copy_from_slice(&fl.to_le_bytes());
b
}