ext4 com diário e entradas apagadas; LUKS1/2 e BitLocker (todas as imagens de referência do cryptsetup)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Lucas RayanandClaude Sonnet 5.5 committed 2026-10-18 23:12:28 -03:00
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//! BitLocker (Windows 7 em diante, inclusive BitLocker To Go): AES-CBC com ou sem difusor
//! Elephant, e AES-XTS. Protetores: senha, chave de recuperação, chave de inicialização (.BEK),
//! chave limpa (proteção suspensa) e chave do volume já conhecida. TPM não é suportado.
use super::*;
use crate::source::{read_vec, SubSource};
use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
fn le16(b: &[u8], o: usize) -> usize {
u16::from_le_bytes([b[o], b[o + 1]]) as usize
}
fn le32(b: &[u8], o: usize) -> u32 {
u32::from_le_bytes(b[o..o + 4].try_into().unwrap())
}
fn le64(b: &[u8], o: usize) -> u64 {
u64::from_le_bytes(b[o..o + 8].try_into().unwrap())
}
const GUID_NORMAL: [u8; 16] = [0x3b, 0xd6, 0x67, 0x49, 0x29, 0x2e, 0xd8, 0x4a, 0x83, 0x99, 0xf6, 0xa3, 0x39, 0xe3, 0xd0, 0x01];
const GUID_EOW: [u8; 16] = [0x3b, 0x4d, 0xa8, 0x92, 0x80, 0xdd, 0x0e, 0x4d, 0x9e, 0x4e, 0xb1, 0xe3, 0x28, 0x4e, 0xae, 0xd8];
/// Posição da tabela de deslocamentos FVE, se for BitLocker (normal ou To Go).
fn offsets_pos(vbr: &[u8]) -> Option<usize> {
if vbr.len() >= 11 && &vbr[3..11] == b"-FVE-FS-" {
return Some(176);
}
// BitLocker To Go: parece FAT ("MSWIN4.1"), mas guarda o GUID do BitLocker no setor de boot.
if vbr.len() >= 464 && (vbr[424..440] == GUID_NORMAL || vbr[424..440] == GUID_EOW) {
return Some(440);
}
None
}
pub fn detect(vbr: &[u8]) -> bool {
offsets_pos(vbr).is_some()
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------- Elephant
fn rotl(x: u32, n: u32) -> u32 {
x.rotate_left(n)
}
const RA: [u32; 4] = [9, 0, 13, 0];
const RB: [u32; 4] = [0, 10, 0, 25];
fn words(buf: &[u8]) -> Vec<u32> {
buf.chunks_exact(4).map(|c| u32::from_le_bytes(c.try_into().unwrap())).collect()
}
// Decifragem (ordem do dm-crypt do Linux): somas em ordem crescente.
fn diffuser_a_decrypt(d: &mut [u32]) {
let n = d.len();
for _ in 0..5 {
for i in 0..n {
let a = d[(i + n - 2) % n];
let b = rotl(d[(i + n - 5) % n], RA[i % 4]);
d[i] = d[i].wrapping_add(a ^ b);
}
}
}
fn diffuser_b_decrypt(d: &mut [u32]) {
let n = d.len();
for _ in 0..3 {
for i in 0..n {
let a = d[(i + 2) % n];
let b = rotl(d[(i + 5) % n], RB[i % 4]);
d[i] = d[i].wrapping_add(a ^ b);
}
}
}
/// Decifra um setor AES-CBC + difusor Elephant (BitLocker Vista/7 sem XTS).
pub fn elephant_decrypt(key: &AesAny, tweak: &AesAny, buf: &mut [u8], byte_off: u64) {
let mut iv = [0u8; 16];
iv[..8].copy_from_slice(&byte_off.to_le_bytes());
key.encrypt(&mut iv);
cbc_decrypt(key, &iv, buf);
let mut d = words(buf);
diffuser_b_decrypt(&mut d);
diffuser_a_decrypt(&mut d);
for (i, w) in d.iter().enumerate() {
buf[i * 4..i * 4 + 4].copy_from_slice(&w.to_le_bytes());
}
// Chave do setor: duas cifragens do deslocamento com a chave de ajuste.
let mut k0 = [0u8; 16];
k0[..8].copy_from_slice(&byte_off.to_le_bytes());
let mut k1 = k0;
k1[15] = 0x80;
tweak.encrypt(&mut k0);
tweak.encrypt(&mut k1);
let mut sk = [0u8; 32];
sk[..16].copy_from_slice(&k0);
sk[16..].copy_from_slice(&k1);
for (i, b) in buf.iter_mut().enumerate() {
*b ^= sk[i % 32];
}
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------ CCM
/// AES-CCM (nonce de 12 bytes, tag de 16): `blob` = tag cifrada (16) + dados cifrados.
fn ccm_decrypt(key: &AesAny, nonce: &[u8], blob: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
if nonce.len() != 12 || blob.len() < 16 {
return None;
}
let ctr = |i: u32| -> [u8; 16] {
let mut a = [0u8; 16];
a[0] = 2;
a[1..13].copy_from_slice(nonce);
a[13..16].copy_from_slice(&i.to_be_bytes()[1..]);
key.encrypt(&mut a);
a
};
let s0 = ctr(0);
let mut tag = [0u8; 16];
for i in 0..16 {
tag[i] = blob[i] ^ s0[i];
}
let ct = &blob[16..];
let mut pt = Vec::with_capacity(ct.len());
for (bi, ch) in ct.chunks(16).enumerate() {
let s = ctr(bi as u32 + 1);
pt.extend(ch.iter().zip(s.iter()).map(|(a, b)| a ^ b));
}
// CBC-MAC sobre B0 + dados.
let mut b0 = [0u8; 16];
b0[0] = 0x3A;
b0[1..13].copy_from_slice(nonce);
b0[13..16].copy_from_slice(&(pt.len() as u32).to_be_bytes()[1..]);
key.encrypt(&mut b0);
let mut x = b0;
for ch in pt.chunks(16) {
for i in 0..ch.len() {
x[i] ^= ch[i];
}
key.encrypt(&mut x);
}
(x == tag).then_some(pt)
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------- chaves
fn stretch(initial: &[u8; 32], salt: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
let mut last = [0u8; 32];
let mut buf = [0u8; 88];
buf[32..64].copy_from_slice(initial);
buf[64..80].copy_from_slice(salt);
for i in 0u64..0x10_0000 {
buf[..32].copy_from_slice(&last);
buf[80..88].copy_from_slice(&i.to_le_bytes());
last.copy_from_slice(&Sha256::digest(buf));
}
last
}
fn password_key(pw: &str, salt: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
let utf16: Vec<u8> = pw.encode_utf16().flat_map(|u| u.to_le_bytes()).collect();
let h1 = Sha256::digest(&utf16);
let mut init = [0u8; 32];
init.copy_from_slice(&Sha256::digest(h1));
stretch(&init, salt)
}
/// Chave de recuperação: 8 blocos de 6 dígitos, cada um múltiplo de 11.
fn recovery_key(rp: &str, salt: &[u8]) -> Option<[u8; 32]> {
let digits: String = rp.chars().filter(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()).collect();
if digits.len() != 48 {
return None;
}
let mut raw = [0u8; 16];
for i in 0..8 {
let n: u32 = digits[i * 6..i * 6 + 6].parse().ok()?;
if n % 11 != 0 || n / 11 > 0xFFFF {
return None;
}
raw[i * 2..i * 2 + 2].copy_from_slice(&((n / 11) as u16).to_le_bytes());
}
let mut init = [0u8; 32];
init.copy_from_slice(&Sha256::digest(raw));
Some(stretch(&init, salt))
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------- metadados
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct Entry {
etype: usize,
vtype: usize,
data: Vec<u8>,
}
fn parse_entries(b: &[u8]) -> Vec<Entry> {
let mut v = vec![];
let mut o = 0;
while o + 8 <= b.len() {
let size = le16(b, o);
if size < 8 || o + size > b.len() {
break;
}
v.push(Entry {
etype: le16(b, o + 2),
vtype: le16(b, o + 4),
data: b[o + 8..o + size].to_vec(),
});
o += size;
}
v
}
struct Vmk {
protection: usize,
nested: Vec<Entry>,
}
impl Vmk {
fn ccm(&self) -> Option<&Entry> {
self.nested.iter().find(|e| e.vtype == 5)
}
fn stretch_salt(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
self.nested.iter().find(|e| e.vtype == 3).filter(|e| e.data.len() >= 20).map(|e| &e.data[4..20])
}
}
struct Fve {
method: usize,
volume_header_offset: u64,
volume_header_size: u64,
encrypted_size: u64,
meta_size: u64,
vmks: Vec<Vmk>,
fvek: Option<Entry>,
}
fn read_fve(src: &dyn Source, offset: u64) -> Option<Fve> {
let h = read_vec(src, offset, 64 + 48).ok()?;
if h.len() < 112 || &h[..8] != b"-FVE-FS-" {
return None;
}
let version = le16(&h, 10);
if version != 2 {
return None; // Vista (versão 1) não suportado
}
let encrypted_size = le64(&h, 16);
let hdr_sectors = le32(&h, 28) as u64;
let volume_header_offset = le64(&h, 56);
let meta_size = le32(&h, 64) as usize;
if !(48..=1 << 20).contains(&meta_size) {
return None;
}
let method = le16(&h, 64 + 36);
let all = read_vec(src, offset + 64, meta_size).ok()?;
if all.len() < meta_size {
return None;
}
let entries = parse_entries(&all[48..]);
let mut vmks = vec![];
let mut fvek = None;
let (mut vh_off, mut vh_size) = (volume_header_offset, hdr_sectors * 512);
for e in entries {
match (e.etype, e.vtype) {
(15, 15) if e.data.len() >= 16 => {
vh_off = le64(&e.data, 0);
vh_size = le64(&e.data, 8);
}
(2, 8) if e.data.len() > 28 => vmks.push(Vmk {
protection: le16(&e.data, 26),
nested: parse_entries(&e.data[28..]),
}),
(3, 5) => fvek = Some(e),
_ => {}
}
}
Some(Fve {
method,
volume_header_offset: vh_off,
volume_header_size: vh_size,
encrypted_size,
meta_size: 0x10000,
vmks,
fvek,
})
}
/// Chave de um arquivo .BEK (chave de inicialização).
fn bek_key(file: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
if file.len() < 48 {
return None;
}
let es = parse_entries(&file[48..]);
for e in &es {
if e.vtype == 9 && e.data.len() > 24 {
for n in parse_entries(&e.data[24..]) {
if n.vtype == 1 && n.data.len() >= 36 {
return Some(n.data[4..36].to_vec());
}
}
}
}
None
}
fn candidate_keys(v: &Vmk, secrets: &[Secret]) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
let mut out: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![];
// Chave limpa: o próprio protetor guarda a chave em claro.
if v.protection == 0 {
for n in &v.nested {
if n.vtype == 1 && n.data.len() >= 36 {
out.push(n.data[4..36].to_vec());
}
}
}
for s in secrets {
match s {
Secret::Password(p) if v.protection == 0x2000 => {
if let Some(salt) = v.stretch_salt() {
out.push(password_key(p, salt).to_vec());
}
}
Secret::RecoveryKey(r) if v.protection == 0x0800 => {
if let Some(k) = v.stretch_salt().and_then(|salt| recovery_key(r, salt)) {
out.push(k.to_vec());
}
}
Secret::KeyFile(f) if v.protection == 0x0200 => {
if let Some(k) = bek_key(f) {
out.push(k);
}
}
_ => {}
}
}
out
}
fn decrypt_key_entry(key: &[u8], e: &Entry) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
let aes = AesAny::new(key)?;
if e.data.len() < 12 + 16 + 8 {
return None;
}
let pt = ccm_decrypt(&aes, &e.data[..12], &e.data[12..])?;
// payload = cabeçalho de entrada (8) + método (4) + chave
(pt.len() > 12).then(|| pt[12..].to_vec())
}
pub fn unlock(src: Arc<dyn Source>, secrets: &[Secret]) -> UnlockResult {
let vbr = read_vec(src.as_ref(), 0, 512).map_err(|e| UnlockError::Corrupt(e.to_string()))?;
if !detect(&vbr) || vbr.len() < 512 {
return Err(UnlockError::Corrupt("não é BitLocker".into()));
}
let bps = le16(&vbr, 11).max(512) as u64;
let pos = offsets_pos(&vbr).unwrap_or(176);
// Três cópias dos metadados; usa a primeira legível.
let mut fve = None;
let mut meta_offsets = vec![];
for i in 0..3 {
let off = le64(&vbr, pos + i * 8);
if off != 0 {
meta_offsets.push(off);
}
if off != 0 && off < src.size() {
if let Some(f) = read_fve(src.as_ref(), off) {
fve = Some(f);
break;
}
}
}
let fve = fve.ok_or_else(|| UnlockError::Unsupported("metadados FVE ilegíveis ou do Windows Vista".into()))?;
let fvek_entry = fve.fvek.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| UnlockError::Corrupt("sem FVEK".into()))?;
let mut volume_key: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
for s in secrets {
if let Secret::VolumeKey(k) = s {
volume_key = Some(k.clone());
}
}
let mut vmk_found: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
if volume_key.is_none() {
'outer: for v in &fve.vmks {
let Some(ccm) = v.ccm() else { continue };
for k in candidate_keys(v, secrets) {
if let Some(vmk) = decrypt_key_entry(&k, ccm) {
if vmk.len() >= 32 {
vmk_found = Some(vmk[..32].to_vec());
break 'outer;
}
}
}
}
}
let fvek_bytes = if let Some(k) = volume_key {
k
} else {
let vmk = vmk_found.ok_or(UnlockError::WrongSecret)?;
decrypt_key_entry(&vmk, fvek_entry).ok_or_else(|| UnlockError::Corrupt("FVEK não decifra com a VMK".into()))?
};
let k = &fvek_bytes;
let bad = || UnlockError::Corrupt("tamanho de chave incompatível com o método".into());
let (cipher, name) = match fve.method {
0x8000 | 0x8001 => {
let n = if fve.method == 0x8000 { 16 } else { 32 };
if k.len() < 32 + n {
return Err(bad());
}
(
SectorCipher::Elephant {
key: AesAny::new(&k[..n]).ok_or_else(bad)?,
tweak: AesAny::new(&k[32..32 + n]).ok_or_else(bad)?,
},
if n == 16 { "AES-128-CBC + difusor" } else { "AES-256-CBC + difusor" },
)
}
0x8002 | 0x8003 => {
let n = if fve.method == 0x8002 { 16 } else { 32 };
if k.len() < n {
return Err(bad());
}
let key = AesAny::new(&k[..n]).ok_or_else(bad)?;
(SectorCipher::Cbc { key: key.clone(), iv: Iv::Eboiv(key) }, if n == 16 { "AES-128-CBC" } else { "AES-256-CBC" })
}
0x8004 | 0x8005 => {
let n = if fve.method == 0x8004 { 16 } else { 32 };
if k.len() < 2 * n {
return Err(bad());
}
let iv = if bps > 512 { Iv::Unit(bps) } else { Iv::Plain64 };
(
SectorCipher::Xts {
k1: AesAny::new(&k[..n]).ok_or_else(bad)?,
k2: AesAny::new(&k[n..2 * n]).ok_or_else(bad)?,
iv,
},
if n == 16 { "AES-128-XTS" } else { "AES-256-XTS" },
)
}
m => return Err(UnlockError::Unsupported(format!("método de cifragem BitLocker {m:#x}"))),
};
let len = src.size();
let mut cs = CryptSource::new(src.clone(), cipher, 0, len, bps);
let mut patches = vec![];
// Áreas de metadados FVE: o Windows não as expõe como dados.
for off in meta_offsets {
patches.push(Patch { at: off, len: fve.meta_size, from: 0, decrypt_from: None, zero: true });
}
if fve.volume_header_size > 0 && fve.volume_header_offset > 0 {
// O início do volume original foi movido para outro lugar e cifrado lá.
patches.push(Patch { at: fve.volume_header_offset, len: fve.volume_header_size, from: 0, decrypt_from: None, zero: true });
patches.push(Patch {
at: 0,
len: fve.volume_header_size,
from: fve.volume_header_offset,
decrypt_from: Some(fve.volume_header_offset),
zero: false,
});
}
cs = cs.with_patches(patches);
if fve.encrypted_size > 0 && fve.encrypted_size < len {
cs = cs.with_plain_from(fve.encrypted_size);
}
Ok(Unlocked {
source: Arc::new(cs),
description: format!("BitLocker ({name})"),
volume_key: Some(fvek_bytes),
})
}
pub fn unlock_window(base: Arc<dyn Source>, start: u64, len: u64, secrets: &[Secret]) -> UnlockResult {
unlock(Arc::new(SubSource::new(base, start, len)), secrets)
}