chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

.githooks/pre-push

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Antes de cada push: a verificação rápida. Ignore com `git push --no-verify` (use com parcimônia).
-exec "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/scripts/verificar.sh"
+set -euo pipefail
+exec "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/scripts/check.sh"