chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

apps/gui/src-tauri/gen/schemas/capabilities.json

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"default":{"identifier":"default","description":"Permissões da janela principal","local":true,"windows":["main"],"permissions":["core:default","core:window:allow-destroy","core:window:allow-close"]}}
+{"default":{"identifier":"default","description":"Main window permissions","local":true,"windows":["main"],"permissions":["core:default","core:window:allow-destroy","core:window:allow-close"]}}