chore(i18n): finish translating code comments and scripts to English

Completes the English-only standardization for code, comments, scripts
and CI templates (UI/CLI-facing strings stay bilingual pt-BR/en,
untouched). Covers the remaining crates/, apps/gui/ui/ and
apps/gui/src-tauri/ comments, .gitea/ workflow and template comments,
.githooks/ hooks, and the scripts/ source comments for the files
already renamed in a prior commit (check.sh, generate-logo.py,
install-hooks.sh).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01VAyr8d7HuAdUGB6aA5xmDD

scripts/release-notes.sh

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Imprime as notas de uma release: a seção do CHANGELOG.md daquela versão, ou o
-# log de commits desde a tag anterior quando o changelog não tem a seção.
+# Prints release notes for a given tag: extracts the matching CHANGELOG.md
+# section, or falls back to the commit log since the previous tag.
 #
 #   scripts/release-notes.sh v1.2.3
 set -euo pipefail
 
-tag=${1:?uso: release-notes.sh <tag>}
+tag=${1:?usage: release-notes.sh <tag>}
 version=${tag#v}
 
 section=""
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ if [ -n "$(printf '%s' "$section" | tr -d '[:space:]')" ]; then
   printf '%s\n' "$section"
 else
   previous=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 "$tag^" 2>/dev/null || true)
-  echo "## Mudanças${previous:+ desde $previous}"
+  echo "## Changes${previous:+ since $previous}"
   echo
   git log --no-merges --format='- %s (%h)' "${previous:+$previous..}$tag"
 fi