diff --git a/.wolf/anatomy-index.json b/.wolf/anatomy-index.json
index 3e83f4e..6e26c52 100644
--- a/.wolf/anatomy-index.json
+++ b/.wolf/anatomy-index.json
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 {
   "version": 1,
   "meta": {
-    "lastScanned": "2026-10-22T17:41:17.634Z",
-    "fileCount": 439,
+    "lastScanned": "2026-10-22T19:44:13.602Z",
+    "fileCount": 440,
     "hits": 0,
     "misses": 0,
-    "renderedHash": "6ed8dc6b806503f41452e51121e5f78379f1c88655d4934d082d2aa065428b8c",
-    "storeUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22T17:41:17.650Z",
-    "rootHash": "098b934a6205dce4"
+    "renderedHash": "4c74546f856ca02c0dd5eeb8a90c610c161275126dc91d9fc7f169a6424d61d6",
+    "storeUpdatedAt": "2026-10-22T19:44:13.627Z",
+    "rootHash": "d8862ac30fea5b61"
   },
   "files": {
     ".github/workflows/ci.yml": {
@@ -19624,6 +19624,66 @@
           "tokens": 36
         }
       ]
+    },
+    "services/webmail/src/components/ThreadReader.tsx": {
+      "description": "One message as the mail API returns it with its body.",
+      "tokens": 7350,
+      "hash": "54dad9430ffc2edb",
+      "size": 25722,
+      "mtimeMs": 1792698253418.4153,
+      "updatedAt": "2026-10-22T19:44:13.601Z",
+      "source": "hook",
+      "symbols": [
+        {
+          "name": "FullMessage",
+          "kind": "section",
+          "startLine": 39,
+          "endLine": 53,
+          "tokens": 74
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "MoveTarget",
+          "kind": "section",
+          "startLine": 54,
+          "endLine": 58,
+          "tokens": 17
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Trusted",
+          "kind": "section",
+          "startLine": 59,
+          "endLine": 64,
+          "tokens": 44
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "Props",
+          "kind": "section",
+          "startLine": 65,
+          "endLine": 84,
+          "tokens": 314
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "splitSender",
+          "kind": "fn",
+          "startLine": 85,
+          "endLine": 90,
+          "tokens": 74
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "initialsOf",
+          "kind": "fn",
+          "startLine": 91,
+          "endLine": 96,
+          "tokens": 78
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "ThreadReader",
+          "kind": "fn",
+          "startLine": 97,
+          "endLine": 591,
+          "tokens": 6441
+        }
+      ]
     }
   },
   "preamble": [
diff --git a/.wolf/anatomy.md b/.wolf/anatomy.md
index 30de6cb..9ebeef2 100644
--- a/.wolf/anatomy.md
+++ b/.wolf/anatomy.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # anatomy.md
 
-> Auto-maintained by OpenWolf. Last scanned: 2026-10-22T17:41:17.634Z
-> Files: 439 tracked | Anatomy hits: 0 | Misses: 0
+> Auto-maintained by OpenWolf. Last scanned: 2026-10-22T19:44:13.602Z
+> Files: 440 tracked | Anatomy hits: 0 | Misses: 0
 
 > Project structure index. Auto-maintained by OpenWolf hooks and daemon.
 > Run `openwolf scan` to generate, or wait for the first Claude Code session.
@@ -610,6 +610,7 @@
 - `AvatarEditor.tsx` — The frame is square; the mask over it is what makes the photo a circle. (~2510 tok)
 - `MessageReader.tsx` — The document the body frame renders, or null for a text-only message. (~4736 tok)
 - `RecipientInput.tsx` — Entries as they will be sent: `Name <addr>` or a bare address. (~1486 tok)
+- `ThreadReader.tsx` — One message as the mail API returns it with its body. (~7350 tok)
 - `TotpEnrolment.tsx` — The scannable half of TOTP enrolment, shared by the webmail settings page and (~1644 tok)
 
 ## services/webmail/src/components/ui/
diff --git a/.wolf/memory.md b/.wolf/memory.md
index ad75938..964021f 100644
--- a/.wolf/memory.md
+++ b/.wolf/memory.md
@@ -31,3 +31,4 @@ description: chronological action log per session, consolidated weekly
 | Time | Action | File(s) | Outcome | ~Tokens |
 |------|--------|---------|---------|--------|
 | 14:41 | Created services/auth/src/accounts.ts | — | ~715 |
+| 16:44 | Created services/webmail/src/components/ThreadReader.tsx | — | ~7350 |
diff --git a/services/webmail/messages/en.json b/services/webmail/messages/en.json
index 42b9f42..ebf1590 100644
--- a/services/webmail/messages/en.json
+++ b/services/webmail/messages/en.json
@@ -548,5 +548,21 @@
     "signOutAll": "Sign out of all accounts",
     "active": "Active",
     "settings": "Account settings"
+  },
+  "conversations": {
+    "conversationView": "Group mail into conversations",
+    "conversationViewHint": "Show a message and its replies together, and whether you have answered.",
+    "messagesInConversation": "{count} messages",
+    "youReplied": "You replied",
+    "notReplied": "Not answered yet",
+    "expandAll": "Expand all",
+    "collapseOlder": "Collapse older",
+    "loadingMessage": "Loading message…",
+    "replyBelow": "Reply",
+    "conversationEmpty": "This conversation is empty.",
+    "me": "me",
+    "draftDiscarded": "Reply discarded",
+    "sentReply": "Reply sent",
+    "moreMessages": "Show {count} earlier messages"
   }
 }
diff --git a/services/webmail/messages/es.json b/services/webmail/messages/es.json
index 6e66db1..3adcd61 100644
--- a/services/webmail/messages/es.json
+++ b/services/webmail/messages/es.json
@@ -548,5 +548,21 @@
     "signOutAll": "Cerrar sesión en todas las cuentas",
     "active": "Activa",
     "settings": "Ajustes de la cuenta"
+  },
+  "conversations": {
+    "conversationView": "Agrupar el correo en conversaciones",
+    "conversationViewHint": "Muestra un mensaje y sus respuestas juntos, y si ya respondiste.",
+    "messagesInConversation": "{count} mensajes",
+    "youReplied": "Respondiste",
+    "notReplied": "Aún sin responder",
+    "expandAll": "Expandir todo",
+    "collapseOlder": "Contraer anteriores",
+    "loadingMessage": "Cargando mensaje…",
+    "replyBelow": "Responder",
+    "conversationEmpty": "Esta conversación está vacía.",
+    "me": "yo",
+    "draftDiscarded": "Respuesta descartada",
+    "sentReply": "Respuesta enviada",
+    "moreMessages": "Mostrar {count} mensajes anteriores"
   }
 }
diff --git a/services/webmail/messages/pt-BR.json b/services/webmail/messages/pt-BR.json
index c03ef86..9b35718 100644
--- a/services/webmail/messages/pt-BR.json
+++ b/services/webmail/messages/pt-BR.json
@@ -548,5 +548,21 @@
     "signOutAll": "Sair de todas as contas",
     "active": "Ativa",
     "settings": "Configurações da conta"
+  },
+  "conversations": {
+    "conversationView": "Agrupar e-mails em conversas",
+    "conversationViewHint": "Mostra uma mensagem e as respostas juntas, e se você já respondeu.",
+    "messagesInConversation": "{count} mensagens",
+    "youReplied": "Você respondeu",
+    "notReplied": "Ainda não respondida",
+    "expandAll": "Expandir tudo",
+    "collapseOlder": "Recolher anteriores",
+    "loadingMessage": "Carregando mensagem…",
+    "replyBelow": "Responder",
+    "conversationEmpty": "Esta conversa está vazia.",
+    "me": "eu",
+    "draftDiscarded": "Resposta descartada",
+    "sentReply": "Resposta enviada",
+    "moreMessages": "Mostrar {count} mensagens anteriores"
   }
 }
diff --git a/services/webmail/src/app/(user)/user/mail/[folder]/page.tsx b/services/webmail/src/app/(user)/user/mail/[folder]/page.tsx
index 3fc8d20..81bd696 100644
--- a/services/webmail/src/app/(user)/user/mail/[folder]/page.tsx
+++ b/services/webmail/src/app/(user)/user/mail/[folder]/page.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
   Clock,
   RefreshCw,
   Trash2,
+  CornerUpLeft,
 } from "lucide-react";
 import { useI18n } from "../../../../../i18n/provider";
 import { useMailEvents } from "../../../../../lib/useMailEvents";
@@ -27,10 +28,16 @@ import {
   moveTargets,
   type ListFilter,
 } from "../../../../../lib/mailCounts";
-import { sanitizeEmailHtml, blockRemoteImages, unblockRemoteImages } from "../../../../../lib/sanitizer";
 import { plainSnippet } from "../../../../../lib/snippet";
 import { useTrustedSenders } from "../../../../../lib/trustedSenders";
-import { resolveInlineImages, buildReaderDocument, type InlineImages } from "../../../../../lib/emailBody";
+import type { InlineImages } from "../../../../../lib/emailBody";
+import { messageDocument, hasBlockedRemoteContent } from "../../../../../lib/renderMessage";
+import {
+  participantsLine,
+  useConversationView,
+  type ThreadParticipant,
+  type ThreadSummary,
+} from "../../../../../lib/conversations";
 import { Button } from "../../../../../components/ui/Button";
 import {
   clampListWidth,
@@ -40,6 +47,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../../../../lib/paneWidth";
 import { useAccount } from "../../../../../lib/useAccount";
 import { MessageReader } from "../../../../../components/MessageReader";
+import { ThreadReader } from "../../../../../components/ThreadReader";
 import { Avatar } from "../../../../../components/Avatar";
 
 interface MessageSummary {
@@ -55,6 +63,34 @@ interface MessageSummary {
   flagged: boolean;
   spam_verdict: string;
   dmarc_result: string;
+  // Present when the list is showing conversations: the row is then a whole
+  // conversation, and uid is its newest message in this folder.
+  thread_id?: string;
+  message_count?: number;
+  answered?: boolean;
+  participants?: ThreadParticipant[];
+}
+
+/** A conversation row in the shape the list already knows how to draw. */
+function rowFromThread(thread: ThreadSummary): MessageSummary {
+  return {
+    uid: thread.uid,
+    subject: thread.subject,
+    sender_address: thread.sender_address,
+    from_display_name: thread.from_display_name,
+    snippet: thread.snippet,
+    size_bytes: 0,
+    received_at: thread.received_at,
+    has_attachments: thread.has_attachments,
+    seen: thread.seen,
+    flagged: thread.flagged,
+    spam_verdict: "",
+    dmarc_result: "",
+    thread_id: thread.thread_id,
+    message_count: thread.message_count,
+    answered: thread.answered,
+    participants: thread.participants,
+  };
 }
 
 interface RenderedMessage {
@@ -121,6 +157,10 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
 
   const [messages, setMessages] = useState<MessageSummary[]>([]);
   const [selected, setSelected] = useState<RenderedMessage | null>(null);
+  // The open conversation, when the list is showing conversations.
+  const [selectedThread, setSelectedThread] = useState<MessageSummary | null>(null);
+  const conversations = useConversationView();
+  const conversationMode = conversations.enabled;
   const [loadRemoteImages, setLoadRemoteImages] = useState(false);
   // The senders this account trusts, kept on the server so the decision
   // follows the account to every browser and also reaches the spam filter.
@@ -163,25 +203,38 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
   const actions = readerActions(folder);
 
   const loadMessages = useCallback(
-    async (search: string) => {
-      setLoading(true);
+    async (search: string, { quiet = false }: { quiet?: boolean } = {}) => {
+      // A quiet reload refreshes what is shown without the spinner, for the
+      // changes the reader itself made.
+      if (!quiet) setLoading(true);
       setError(null);
       try {
         const query = new URLSearchParams({ folder, ...(search ? { q: search } : {}) });
-        const res = await fetch(`/api/v1/mail/messages?${query}`, { cache: "no-store" });
+        const res = await fetch(`/api/v1/mail/${conversationMode ? "threads" : "messages"}?${query}`, {
+          cache: "no-store",
+        });
         if (res.status === 401) {
           window.location.href = "/user/login";
           return;
         }
+        // A server that has no conversations falls back to the plain list
+        // rather than showing an empty folder.
+        if (res.status === 501 && conversationMode) {
+          void conversations.setEnabled(false);
+          return;
+        }
         if (!res.ok) throw new Error(t("errors.serverError"));
-        setMessages(await res.json());
+        const data = await res.json();
+        setMessages(conversationMode ? (data as ThreadSummary[]).map(rowFromThread) : data);
       } catch (err) {
         setError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : t("errors.serverError"));
       } finally {
         setLoading(false);
       }
     },
-    [folder, t]
+    // conversations.setEnabled is stable enough for this one call
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+    [folder, t, conversationMode]
   );
 
   useMailEvents(
@@ -199,9 +252,18 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
   // separate mount effect as well meant every folder change fired two requests
   // and the later one could be the stale answer.
   useEffect(() => {
+    // Waits for the account's answer on how to list, or the folder would load
+    // one way and immediately reload the other.
+    if (!conversations.ready) return;
     const handle = setTimeout(() => void loadMessages(searchQuery), searchQuery ? 250 : 0);
     return () => clearTimeout(handle);
-  }, [searchQuery, loadMessages]);
+  }, [searchQuery, loadMessages, conversations.ready]);
+
+  // Changing between the two lists closes whatever was open in the other.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setSelected(null);
+    setSelectedThread(null);
+  }, [conversationMode, folder]);
 
   // The reader frame reports its own height; nothing outside a sandboxed frame
   // can measure it.
@@ -302,6 +364,39 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
     [folder, t, loadMessages, searchQuery]
   );
 
+  /** Deletes every message a conversation row stands for in this folder. */
+  const deleteConversationRow = useCallback(
+    async (row: MessageSummary) => {
+      setMessages((current) => current.filter((m) => m.thread_id !== row.thread_id));
+      setSelectedThread((current) => (current?.thread_id === row.thread_id ? null : current));
+      try {
+        const res = await fetch(
+          `/api/v1/mail/thread/${encodeURIComponent(row.thread_id ?? "")}?folder=${encodeURIComponent(folder)}`,
+          { cache: "no-store" },
+        );
+        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(t("errors.serverError"));
+        const infos: { uid: number; folder: string }[] = await res.json();
+        await Promise.all(
+          infos
+            .filter((m) => m.folder.toLowerCase() === folder.toLowerCase())
+            .map((m) =>
+              fetch("/api/v1/mail/delete", {
+                method: "POST",
+                headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+                body: JSON.stringify({ folder, uid: m.uid }),
+              }),
+            ),
+        );
+      } catch (err) {
+        setError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : t("errors.serverError"));
+        void loadMessages(searchQuery);
+      } finally {
+        notifyMailStateChanged();
+      }
+    },
+    [folder, t, loadMessages, searchQuery],
+  );
+
   /** Files one message into another folder. */
   const moveMessage = useCallback(
     async (uid: number, target: string) => {
@@ -332,6 +427,14 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
       router.push(`/user/compose?draft=${uid}`);
       return;
     }
+    if (conversationMode) {
+      const row = messages.find((m) => m.uid === uid);
+      if (row?.thread_id) {
+        setSelected(null);
+        setSelectedThread(row);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
     setLoadRemoteImages(false);
     setReaderHeight(420);
     try {
@@ -357,6 +460,7 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
     searching: searchQuery.trim().length > 0,
   });
   const selectedRow = messages.find((m) => m.uid === selected?.uid);
+  const reading = Boolean(selected || selectedThread);
   const senderTrusted = selected ? trustedSenders.isTrusted(selected.from ?? "") : false;
 
   /**
@@ -368,27 +472,15 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
    */
   const readerDocument = useMemo(() => {
     if (!selected) return null;
-    if (!selected.html) return null;
-    const sanitized = sanitizeEmailHtml(selected.html);
-    if (!sanitized) return null;
-    const withInline = resolveInlineImages(sanitized, selected.inline_images ?? {});
     // A trusted sender's images load without asking; anyone else's wait for
     // the reader's choice, one message at a time.
     const showImages = loadRemoteImages || trustedSenders.isTrusted(selected.from ?? "");
-    const body = showImages ? unblockRemoteImages(withInline) : blockRemoteImages(withInline);
-    return buildReaderDocument(body);
+    return messageDocument(selected, showImages);
   }, [selected, loadRemoteImages, trustedSenders]);
 
   // Whether anything was actually held back, so the privacy banner is not shown
   // over a message that has no remote content at all.
-  const hasBlockedContent = useMemo(() => {
-    if (!selected?.html) return false;
-    const sanitized = resolveInlineImages(
-      sanitizeEmailHtml(selected.html),
-      selected.inline_images ?? {}
-    );
-    return blockRemoteImages(sanitized) !== sanitized;
-  }, [selected]);
+  const hasBlockedContent = useMemo(() => (selected ? hasBlockedRemoteContent(selected) : false), [selected]);
 
   const chips: { key: ListFilter; label: string; count: number }[] = [
     { key: null, label: t("mail.allMessages"), count: header.count },
@@ -416,7 +508,7 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
       {/* Messages List Column */}
       <div
         style={{ "--list-w": `${listWidth}px` } as React.CSSProperties}
-        className={`${selected ? "hidden md:flex" : "flex"} w-full flex-col bg-dark-bg md:w-[var(--list-w)] md:flex-none`}
+        className={`${reading ? "hidden md:flex" : "flex"} w-full flex-col bg-dark-bg md:w-[var(--list-w)] md:flex-none`}
       >
         {/* Folder heading, with the counts that belong to the folder rather
             than to the page of it that happens to be loaded. */}
@@ -494,7 +586,7 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
             </div>
           ) : (
             filteredMessages.map((msg) => {
-              const isSelected = selected?.uid === msg.uid;
+              const isSelected = msg.thread_id ? selectedThread?.thread_id === msg.thread_id : selected?.uid === msg.uid;
               return (
                 /* The row and its delete control are siblings inside a
                    positioned wrapper rather than nested: a button inside a
@@ -524,8 +616,24 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
                           msg.seen ? "text-slate-300" : "text-slate-100"
                         }`}
                       >
-                        {msg.from_display_name || msg.sender_address}
+                        {msg.participants && msg.participants.length > 0
+                          ? participantsLine(msg.participants, t("conversations.me"))
+                          : msg.from_display_name || msg.sender_address}
                       </span>
+                      {msg.message_count && msg.message_count > 1 ? (
+                        <span
+                          className="flex-none text-[11.5px] tabular-nums text-slate-500"
+                          title={t("conversations.messagesInConversation", { count: msg.message_count })}
+                        >
+                          {msg.message_count}
+                        </span>
+                      ) : null}
+                      {msg.answered && (
+                        <CornerUpLeft
+                          className="h-3 w-3 flex-none text-emerald-300"
+                          aria-label={t("conversations.youReplied")}
+                        />
+                      )}
                       <span className="ml-auto flex-none text-[11px] tabular-nums text-slate-500">
                         {listTimestamp(msg.received_at, locale)}
                       </span>
@@ -578,7 +686,7 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
                     reading in it, and no other way to get rid of it. */}
                 <button
                   type="button"
-                  onClick={() => void deleteMessage(msg.uid)}
+                  onClick={() => void (msg.thread_id ? deleteConversationRow(msg) : deleteMessage(msg.uid))}
                   title={t("common.delete")}
                   aria-label={t("common.delete")}
                   className="absolute right-2 top-2 hidden h-7 w-7 items-center justify-center rounded-md text-slate-400 transition-colors hover:bg-white/[0.09] hover:text-slate-100 focus:flex focus-visible:flex group-hover:flex"
@@ -633,9 +741,39 @@ export default function MailFolderPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ folder: s
       </div>
 
       {/* Message Reader Column */}
-      <div className={`${selected ? "flex" : "hidden md:flex"} min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col overflow-hidden bg-dark-bg`}>
+      <div className={`${reading ? "flex" : "hidden md:flex"} min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col overflow-hidden bg-dark-bg`}>
         <AnimatePresence mode="wait">
-          {selected ? (
+          {selectedThread ? (
+            <ThreadReader
+              key={selectedThread.thread_id}
+              thread={{
+                thread_id: selectedThread.thread_id ?? "",
+                uid: selectedThread.uid,
+                subject: selectedThread.subject,
+                sender_address: selectedThread.sender_address,
+                from_display_name: selectedThread.from_display_name,
+                snippet: selectedThread.snippet,
+                received_at: selectedThread.received_at,
+                has_attachments: selectedThread.has_attachments,
+                message_count: selectedThread.message_count ?? 1,
+                unseen_count: selectedThread.seen ? 0 : 1,
+                seen: selectedThread.seen,
+                flagged: selectedThread.flagged,
+                answered: Boolean(selectedThread.answered),
+                participants: selectedThread.participants ?? [],
+              }}
+              folder={folder}
+              ownAddress={account?.email ?? ""}
+              trusted={trustedSenders}
+              moveTargets={moveTargets(folders, folder).map((target) => ({
+                name: target.name,
+                label: FOLDER_LABELS[(target.special_use || target.name).toLowerCase()] ?? target.name,
+              }))}
+              deleteIsPermanent={actions.deleteIsPermanent}
+              onClose={() => setSelectedThread(null)}
+              onChanged={() => void loadMessages(searchQuery, { quiet: true })}
+            />
+          ) : selected ? (
             <MessageReader
               key={selected.uid}
               message={selected}
diff --git a/services/webmail/src/app/(user)/user/settings/page.tsx b/services/webmail/src/app/(user)/user/settings/page.tsx
index 2e8bdfb..f877467 100644
--- a/services/webmail/src/app/(user)/user/settings/page.tsx
+++ b/services/webmail/src/app/(user)/user/settings/page.tsx
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import { useFolders } from "../../../../lib/useFolders";
 import { AvatarEditor } from "../../../../components/AvatarEditor";
 import { bumpAvatar } from "../../../../lib/avatarVersion";
 import { useAccount } from "../../../../lib/useAccount";
+import { useConversationView } from "../../../../lib/conversations";
 import { moveTargets } from "../../../../lib/mailCounts";
 
 interface SieveRule {
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ export default function UserSettingsPage() {
   const [vacationSaved, setVacationSaved] = useState(false);
 
   const [signature, setSignature] = useState("");
+  const conversationView = useConversationView();
   const signatureRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
 
   // execCommand edits the DOM directly, so the mirrored value is re-read here
@@ -989,6 +991,24 @@ export default function UserSettingsPage() {
             <div className="max-w-[280px]">
               <LanguageSwitcher />
             </div>
+
+            {/* How the list is read, which belongs with how it is shown. */}
+            <label className="flex max-w-[560px] cursor-pointer items-start gap-3 rounded-xl bg-dark-card p-3.5 shadow-edge">
+              <input
+                type="checkbox"
+                role="switch"
+                checked={conversationView.enabled}
+                disabled={!conversationView.ready}
+                onChange={(e) => void conversationView.setEnabled(e.target.checked)}
+                className="mt-0.5 h-4 w-4 flex-none accent-indigo-500"
+              />
+              <span className="min-w-0">
+                <span className="block text-[13.5px] text-slate-100">{t("conversations.conversationView")}</span>
+                <span className="mt-0.5 block text-[12.5px] leading-relaxed text-slate-400">
+                  {t("conversations.conversationViewHint")}
+                </span>
+              </span>
+            </label>
           </section>
         )}
       </div>
diff --git a/services/webmail/src/components/MessageFrame.tsx b/services/webmail/src/components/MessageFrame.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..344f2e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/webmail/src/components/MessageFrame.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"use client";
+
+import React, { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslations } from "../i18n/provider";
+
+/**
+ * One message body in its sandboxed frame, sized to its own content.
+ *
+ * Several of these sit on one page when a conversation is open, and every frame
+ * reports its height the same way, so a report is only taken from the frame
+ * that sent it. The sandbox has no allow-same-origin: the frame stays on an
+ * opaque origin and can read nothing of this page.
+ */
+export function MessageFrame({ document: html }: { document: string }) {
+  const t = useTranslations();
+  const frame = useRef<HTMLIFrameElement>(null);
+  const [height, setHeight] = useState(160);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const onMessage = (event: MessageEvent) => {
+      if (event.source !== frame.current?.contentWindow) return;
+      const data = event.data as { type?: string; height?: number } | null;
+      if (data?.type !== "lm:reader-height" || typeof data.height !== "number") return;
+      // Clamped so a message that reports something absurd cannot produce a
+      // frame kilometres tall or one collapsed to nothing.
+      setHeight(Math.min(20000, Math.max(80, Math.ceil(data.height))));
+    };
+    window.addEventListener("message", onMessage);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener("message", onMessage);
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-xl bg-white shadow-edge">
+      <iframe
+        ref={frame}
+        title={t("ui.messageBody")}
+        srcDoc={html}
+        sandbox="allow-scripts allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"
+        referrerPolicy="no-referrer"
+        style={{ height: `${height}px` }}
+        className="block w-full border-0"
+      />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/services/webmail/src/components/ThreadReader.tsx b/services/webmail/src/components/ThreadReader.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fc74a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/webmail/src/components/ThreadReader.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+"use client";
+
+import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { motion } from "framer-motion";
+import {
+  ArrowLeft,
+  ChevronDown,
+  CornerUpLeft,
+  Download,
+  FolderInput,
+  Forward,
+  Image as ImageIcon,
+  MailOpen,
+  Reply,
+  ReplyAll,
+  ShieldCheck,
+  Trash2,
+  X,
+} from "lucide-react";
+import Link from "next/link";
+import { useI18n } from "../i18n/provider";
+import { Avatar } from "./Avatar";
+import { Composer, type ComposerInitial } from "./Composer";
+import { MessageFrame } from "./MessageFrame";
+import {
+  initiallyOpen,
+  messageKey,
+  replyTarget,
+  type ThreadMessageInfo,
+  type ThreadSummary,
+} from "../lib/conversations";
+import { hasBlockedRemoteContent, messageDocument } from "../lib/renderMessage";
+import { offersReplyAll, replyAllRecipients, replyRecipients } from "../lib/recipients";
+import { plainSnippet } from "../lib/snippet";
+import { notifyMailStateChanged } from "../lib/useFolders";
+import type { InlineImages } from "../lib/emailBody";
+
+/** One message as the mail API returns it with its body. */
+interface FullMessage {
+  uid: number;
+  subject: string;
+  from: string;
+  to: string[];
+  cc: string[];
+  date: string;
+  text: string;
+  html: string;
+  attachments: string[];
+  message_id?: string;
+  important?: boolean;
+  inline_images: InlineImages;
+}
+
+interface MoveTarget {
+  name: string;
+  label: string;
+}
+
+interface Trusted {
+  isTrusted: (from: string) => boolean;
+  trust: (from: string) => Promise<boolean>;
+  revoke: (from: string) => Promise<boolean>;
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  thread: ThreadSummary;
+  folder: string;
+  ownAddress: string;
+  trusted: Trusted;
+  moveTargets: MoveTarget[];
+  deleteIsPermanent: boolean;
+  onClose: () => void;
+  /** Something changed that the list and the badges should show. */
+  onChanged: () => void;
+}
+
+const commandClass =
+  "inline-flex h-10 min-w-10 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 rounded-lg px-2.5 text-[13px] text-slate-200 transition-colors hover:bg-white/[0.07] focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-indigo-400 md:px-3";
+const infoLinkClass =
+  "rounded-md px-1.5 py-1 text-[12.5px] font-medium text-indigo-300 transition-colors hover:bg-white/[0.07] focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-indigo-400";
+const replyButtonClass =
+  "inline-flex h-10 items-center gap-2 rounded-xl px-4 text-[13.5px] text-slate-200 shadow-[inset_0_0_0_1px_rgba(233,233,237,0.18)] transition-colors hover:bg-white/[0.07] focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-indigo-400";
+
+/** The name and address in a header like `Jenny <jenny@x.test>`. */
+function splitSender(from: string): { name: string; address: string } {
+  const match = from.match(/^\s*"?([^"<]*?)"?\s*<([^>]+)>\s*$/);
+  if (match) return { name: match[1].trim(), address: match[2].trim() };
+  return { name: "", address: from.trim() };
+}
+
+function initialsOf(name: string, address: string): string {
+  const source = (name || address || "?").trim();
+  const parts = source.replace(/[<>"]/g, "").split(/[\s.@_-]+/).filter(Boolean);
+  return (parts.slice(0, 2).map((p) => p[0]).join("") || "?").toUpperCase();
+}
+
+export function ThreadReader(props: Props) {
+  const { thread, folder, ownAddress, trusted } = props;
+  const { t, locale } = useI18n();
+
+  const [infos, setInfos] = useState<ThreadMessageInfo[] | null>(null);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [open, setOpen] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
+  const [bodies, setBodies] = useState<Record<string, FullMessage | "error">>({});
+  // Images shown for this message only, by the reader's choice; a trusted
+  // sender's are shown without one.
+  const [imagesOnce, setImagesOnce] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
+  const [reply, setReply] = useState<{ nonce: number; initial: ComposerInitial } | null>(null);
+  const [moveOpen, setMoveOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+
+  const fetching = useRef<Set<string>>(new Set());
+  const replyAnchor = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const loadedFor = useRef<string>("");
+
+  const load = useCallback(
+    async (initial: boolean) => {
+      try {
+        const res = await fetch(
+          `/api/v1/mail/thread/${encodeURIComponent(thread.thread_id)}?folder=${encodeURIComponent(folder)}`,
+          { cache: "no-store" },
+        );
+        if (res.status === 401) {
+          window.location.href = "/user/login";
+          return;
+        }
+        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(t("errors.serverError"));
+        const data: ThreadMessageInfo[] = await res.json();
+        setInfos(data);
+        setError(null);
+        setOpen((current) => {
+          if (initial) return initiallyOpen(data);
+          // After sending, the new message is the one to see.
+          const next = new Set(current);
+          if (data.length > 0) next.add(messageKey(data[data.length - 1]));
+          return next;
+        });
+      } catch (err) {
+        setError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : t("errors.serverError"));
+      }
+    },
+    [thread.thread_id, folder, t],
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (loadedFor.current === thread.thread_id) return;
+    loadedFor.current = thread.thread_id;
+    setInfos(null);
+    setBodies({});
+    setImagesOnce(new Set());
+    setReply(null);
+    fetching.current = new Set();
+    void load(true);
+  }, [thread.thread_id, load]);
+
+  /** Fetches one message's body. Opening it is also what marks it read. */
+  const fetchBody = useCallback(
+    async (info: ThreadMessageInfo): Promise<FullMessage | null> => {
+      const key = messageKey(info);
+      if (fetching.current.has(key)) return null;
+      fetching.current.add(key);
+      try {
+        const res = await fetch(
+          `/api/v1/mail/message/${info.uid}?folder=${encodeURIComponent(info.folder)}`,
+          { cache: "no-store" },
+        );
+        if (!res.ok) throw new Error("fetch");
+        const full: FullMessage = await res.json();
+        setBodies((current) => ({ ...current, [key]: full }));
+        if (!info.seen) {
+          setInfos((current) =>
+            current ? current.map((m) => (messageKey(m) === key ? { ...m, seen: true } : m)) : current,
+          );
+          notifyMailStateChanged();
+          props.onChanged();
+        }
+        return full;
+      } catch {
+        setBodies((current) => ({ ...current, [key]: "error" }));
+        return null;
+      } finally {
+        fetching.current.delete(key);
+      }
+    },
+    // onChanged is a fresh closure each render; the fetch must not depend on it.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+    [],
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!infos) return;
+    for (const info of infos) {
+      const key = messageKey(info);
+      if (open.has(key) && !bodies[key]) void fetchBody(info);
+    }
+  }, [infos, open, bodies, fetchBody]);
+
+  const toggle = (info: ThreadMessageInfo) => {
+    const key = messageKey(info);
+    setOpen((current) => {
+      const next = new Set(current);
+      if (next.has(key)) next.delete(key);
+      else next.add(key);
+      return next;
+    });
+  };
+
+  const inThisFolder = useMemo(
+    () => (infos ?? []).filter((m) => m.folder.toLowerCase() === folder.toLowerCase()),
+    [infos, folder],
+  );
+
+  /** Runs one request per message of the conversation that sits in this folder. */
+  const forEachHere = async (path: string, extra: (m: ThreadMessageInfo) => Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      await Promise.all(
+        inThisFolder.map((m) =>
+          fetch(path, {
+            method: "POST",
+            headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+            body: JSON.stringify({ folder, uid: m.uid, ...extra(m) }),
+          }),
+        ),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+      notifyMailStateChanged();
+      props.onChanged();
+    }
+  };
+
+  const deleteThread = async () => {
+    await forEachHere("/api/v1/mail/delete", () => ({}));
+    props.onClose();
+  };
+  const moveThread = async (target: string) => {
+    setMoveOpen(false);
+    await forEachHere("/api/v1/mail/move", () => ({ target }));
+    props.onClose();
+  };
+  const markUnread = async () => {
+    const newest = inThisFolder[inThisFolder.length - 1];
+    if (!newest) return;
+    setBusy(true);
+    try {
+      await fetch("/api/v1/mail/seen", {
+        method: "POST",
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ folder, uid: newest.uid, seen: false }),
+      });
+    } finally {
+      setBusy(false);
+      notifyMailStateChanged();
+      props.onChanged();
+    }
+    props.onClose();
+  };
+
+  /** Opens the reply under the conversation, addressed from the message it answers. */
+  const startReply = async (mode: "reply" | "replyAll") => {
+    if (!infos) return;
+    const target = replyTarget(infos);
+    if (!target) return;
+    const key = messageKey(target);
+    const full = (bodies[key] && bodies[key] !== "error" ? (bodies[key] as FullMessage) : null) ?? (await fetchBody(target));
+    if (!full) return;
+    const recipients =
+      mode === "replyAll" ? replyAllRecipients(full, ownAddress) : replyRecipients(full, ownAddress);
+    setReply({
+      nonce: Date.now(),
+      initial: {
+        mode,
+        subject: full.subject,
+        replyTo: recipients.to.join(", "),
+        cc: recipients.cc.join(", "),
+        inReplyTo: full.message_id ?? "",
+      },
+    });
+    setTimeout(() => replyAnchor.current?.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth", block: "end" }), 50);
+  };
+
+  const lastIncoming = infos ? replyTarget(infos) : null;
+  const canReplyAll = (() => {
+    if (!lastIncoming) return false;
+    const full = bodies[messageKey(lastIncoming)];
+    return full && full !== "error" ? offersReplyAll(full, ownAddress) : false;
+  })();
+  const waitingOnMe = infos && infos.length > 0 && !infos[infos.length - 1].own;
+  const iReplied = lastIncoming ? lastIncoming.answered : false;
+
+  const dateText = (iso: string, long: boolean) => {
+    const d = new Date(iso);
+    if (Number.isNaN(d.getTime())) return "";
+    return long
+      ? d.toLocaleString(locale, { weekday: "short", day: "numeric", month: "short", year: "numeric", hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit" })
+      : d.toLocaleDateString(locale, { day: "numeric", month: "short" });
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <motion.article
+      initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
+      animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
+      exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
+      className="flex min-h-0 flex-1 flex-col"
+      aria-label={thread.subject}
+    >
+      {/* The commands that apply to the whole conversation. */}
+      <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-0.5 px-2 py-1.5 shadow-[inset_0_-1px_0_0_rgba(233,233,237,0.09)] sm:px-4">
+        <button type="button" onClick={props.onClose} className={`${commandClass} md:hidden`} aria-label={t("mail.backToList")}>
+          <ArrowLeft className="h-4 w-4" />
+        </button>
+        <button type="button" onClick={() => void startReply("reply")} disabled={!infos} className={commandClass}>
+          <Reply className="h-4 w-4" />
+          <span className="hidden sm:inline">{t("mail.reply")}</span>
+        </button>
+        {canReplyAll && (
+          <button type="button" onClick={() => void startReply("replyAll")} className={commandClass}>
+            <ReplyAll className="h-4 w-4" />
+            <span className="hidden sm:inline">{t("mail.replyAll")}</span>
+          </button>
+        )}
+        <span className="mx-1 hidden h-5 w-px bg-white/10 sm:block" />
+        <button type="button" onClick={() => void deleteThread()} disabled={busy || inThisFolder.length === 0} className={commandClass}>
+          <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4" />
+          <span className="hidden lg:inline">{props.deleteIsPermanent ? t("mail.deleteForever") : t("common.delete")}</span>
+        </button>
+        {props.moveTargets.length > 0 && (
+          <div className="relative">
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={() => setMoveOpen((v) => !v)}
+              aria-haspopup="menu"
+              aria-expanded={moveOpen}
+              className={commandClass}
+            >
+              <FolderInput className="h-4 w-4" />
+              <span className="hidden lg:inline">{t("mail.moveTo")}</span>
+              <ChevronDown className="h-3 w-3" />
+            </button>
+            {moveOpen && (
+              <div role="menu" className="absolute left-0 top-full z-30 mt-1 min-w-[180px] rounded-xl bg-dark-panel p-1.5 shadow-edge ring-1 ring-white/10">
+                {props.moveTargets.map((target) => (
+                  <button
+                    key={target.name}
+                    role="menuitem"
+                    type="button"
+                    onClick={() => void moveThread(target.name)}
+                    className="flex w-full items-center rounded-lg px-2.5 py-2 text-left text-[13px] text-slate-200 hover:bg-white/[0.07]"
+                  >
+                    {target.label}
+                  </button>
+                ))}
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        )}
+        <button type="button" onClick={() => void markUnread()} disabled={busy} className={commandClass}>
+          <MailOpen className="h-4 w-4" />
+          <span className="hidden xl:inline">{t("mail.markUnread")}</span>
+        </button>
+        <button type="button" onClick={props.onClose} className={`${commandClass} ml-auto hidden md:inline-flex`} aria-label={t("mail.backToList")}>
+          <X className="h-4 w-4" />
+        </button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-y-auto">
+        <div className="mx-auto flex w-full max-w-[1000px] flex-col gap-3 px-4 pb-10 pt-5 sm:px-7 2xl:max-w-[1140px]">
+          <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+            <h1 className="text-[19px] font-semibold leading-snug tracking-[-0.01em] text-slate-100 [overflow-wrap:anywhere] [text-wrap:pretty] sm:text-[22px]">
+              {thread.subject || t("mail.noSubject")}
+            </h1>
+            <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-[12.5px] text-slate-400">
+              <span>{t("conversations.messagesInConversation", { count: infos?.length ?? thread.message_count })}</span>
+              {infos && waitingOnMe && lastIncoming && (
+                <span
+                  className={`inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 text-[11.5px] font-medium ${
+                    iReplied ? "bg-emerald-500/15 text-emerald-200" : "bg-amber-500/15 text-amber-200"
+                  }`}
+                >
+                  <CornerUpLeft className="h-3 w-3" aria-hidden />
+                  {iReplied ? t("conversations.youReplied") : t("conversations.notReplied")}
+                </span>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          {error && (
+            <div role="alert" className="rounded-lg bg-rose-500/10 px-3 py-2 text-[13px] text-rose-200">
+              {error}
+            </div>
+          )}
+          {!infos && !error && <div className="py-10 text-center text-sm text-slate-400">{t("common.loading")}</div>}
+          {infos && infos.length === 0 && (
+            <div className="py-10 text-center text-sm text-slate-400">{t("conversations.conversationEmpty")}</div>
+          )}
+
+          {infos?.map((info) => {
+            const key = messageKey(info);
+            const isOpen = open.has(key);
+            const full = bodies[key];
+            const loaded = full && full !== "error" ? full : null;
+            const sender = loaded ? splitSender(loaded.from) : { name: info.from_display_name, address: info.sender_address };
+            const displayName = info.own ? t("conversations.me") : sender.name || info.from_display_name || sender.address;
+            const trustedHere = loaded ? trusted.isTrusted(loaded.from) : false;
+            const showImages = trustedHere || imagesOnce.has(key);
+            const doc = loaded ? messageDocument(loaded, showImages) : null;
+            const blocked = loaded ? hasBlockedRemoteContent(loaded) : false;
+
+            return (
+              <section
+                key={key}
+                className={`rounded-xl shadow-edge ${isOpen ? "bg-dark-panel" : "bg-dark-card/60 hover:bg-dark-card"}`}
+              >
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  onClick={() => toggle(info)}
+                  aria-expanded={isOpen}
+                  className="flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-xl px-3.5 py-3 text-left focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-indigo-400"
+                >
+                  <Avatar
+                    address={info.sender_address}
+                    initials={initialsOf(displayName, info.sender_address)}
+                    size={isOpen ? 40 : 30}
+                    className="bg-indigo-900 text-indigo-300 shadow-[inset_0_0_0_1px_#5d5294]"
+                  />
+                  <span className="flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col">
+                    <span className="flex items-baseline gap-2">
+                      <span className={`min-w-0 truncate text-[14px] ${info.seen ? "text-slate-200" : "font-semibold text-slate-100"}`}>
+                        {displayName}
+                      </span>
+                      {isOpen && !info.own && sender.address && (
+                        <span className="min-w-0 truncate text-[12.5px] text-slate-400">&lt;{sender.address}&gt;</span>
+                      )}
+                    </span>
+                    {!isOpen && (
+                      <span className="truncate text-[12.5px] text-slate-400">{plainSnippet(info.snippet)}</span>
+                    )}
+                  </span>
+                  {info.answered && (
+                    <CornerUpLeft
+                      className="h-3.5 w-3.5 flex-none text-emerald-300"
+                      aria-label={t("conversations.youReplied")}
+                    />
+                  )}
+                  {!info.seen && !info.own && <span className="h-[7px] w-[7px] flex-none rounded-full bg-indigo-500" />}
+                  <span className="flex-none text-[12px] tabular-nums text-slate-400">{dateText(info.received_at, isOpen)}</span>
+                  <ChevronDown className={`h-4 w-4 flex-none text-slate-500 transition-transform ${isOpen ? "rotate-180" : ""}`} />
+                </button>
+
+                {isOpen && (
+                  <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 px-3.5 pb-4">
+                    {full === "error" && (
+                      <div role="alert" className="rounded-lg bg-rose-500/10 px-3 py-2 text-[13px] text-rose-200">
+                        {t("errors.serverError")}
+                      </div>
+                    )}
+                    {!loaded && full !== "error" && (
+                      <div className="py-6 text-center text-[13px] text-slate-400">{t("conversations.loadingMessage")}</div>
+                    )}
+                    {loaded && (
+                      <>
+                        <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-3 gap-y-1 text-[12.5px] text-slate-400 [overflow-wrap:anywhere]">
+                          {loaded.to.length > 0 && (
+                            <span>
+                              <span className="text-slate-500">{t("ui.toRecipients")}: </span>
+                              {loaded.to.slice(0, 3).join(", ")}
+                              {loaded.to.length > 3 && ` +${loaded.to.length - 3}`}
+                            </span>
+                          )}
+                          {!info.own && (
+                            <button
+                              type="button"
+                              onClick={() => void (trustedHere ? trusted.revoke(loaded.from) : trusted.trust(loaded.from))}
+                              aria-pressed={trustedHere}
+                              title={trustedHere ? t("mail.trustedSenderHint") : t("mail.trustSenderHint")}
+                              className={`inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 text-[11.5px] font-medium transition-colors focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-indigo-400 ${
+                                trustedHere
+                                  ? "bg-indigo-500/20 text-indigo-200 hover:bg-indigo-500/30"
+                                  : "text-slate-400 shadow-[inset_0_0_0_1px_rgba(233,233,237,0.18)] hover:bg-white/[0.07] hover:text-slate-200"
+                              }`}
+                            >
+                              <ShieldCheck className="h-3 w-3" aria-hidden />
+                              {trustedHere ? t("mail.trustedSender") : t("mail.trustSender")}
+                            </button>
+                          )}
+                          <Link
+                            href={`/user/compose?mode=forward&subject=${encodeURIComponent(loaded.subject)}`}
+                            className="ml-auto inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-md px-1.5 py-1 text-indigo-300 hover:bg-white/[0.07]"
+                          >
+                            <Forward className="h-3.5 w-3.5" aria-hidden />
+                            {t("mail.forward")}
+                          </Link>
+                        </div>
+
+                        {blocked && !trustedHere && (
+                          <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-3 gap-y-1 rounded-lg bg-dark-card px-3 py-2 shadow-edge">
+                            <ImageIcon className="h-4 w-4 flex-none text-indigo-400" aria-hidden />
+                            <span className="min-w-[180px] flex-1 text-[12.5px] leading-relaxed text-slate-300">
+                              {imagesOnce.has(key) ? t("mail.imagesEnabled") : t("mail.remoteContentBlocked")}
+                            </span>
+                            <button
+                              type="button"
+                              onClick={() =>
+                                setImagesOnce((current) => {
+                                  const next = new Set(current);
+                                  if (next.has(key)) next.delete(key);
+                                  else next.add(key);
+                                  return next;
+                                })
+                              }
+                              className={infoLinkClass}
+                            >
+                              {imagesOnce.has(key) ? t("mail.hideImages") : t("mail.loadImages")}
+                            </button>
+                          </div>
+                        )}
+
+                        {loaded.attachments.length > 0 && (
+                          <div className="flex gap-2 overflow-x-auto pb-1">
+                            {loaded.attachments.map((filename, idx) => (
+                              <a
+                                key={`${filename}-${idx}`}
+                                href={`/api/v1/mail/message/${loaded.uid}/attachment/${encodeURIComponent(filename)}?folder=${encodeURIComponent(info.folder)}`}
+                                download={filename}
+                                className="group flex h-10 max-w-[260px] flex-none items-center gap-2 rounded-lg bg-dark-card px-2.5 text-slate-200 shadow-edge hover:shadow-edge-accent focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-indigo-400"
+                              >
+                                <span className="min-w-0 truncate text-[12.5px]">{filename}</span>
+                                <Download className="h-3.5 w-3.5 flex-none text-slate-500 group-hover:text-indigo-300" />
+                              </a>
+                            ))}
+                          </div>
+                        )}
+
+                        {doc ? (
+                          <MessageFrame document={doc} />
+                        ) : (
+                          <pre className="whitespace-pre-wrap break-words rounded-xl bg-dark-bg px-4 py-4 font-sans text-[14.5px] leading-relaxed text-slate-200">
+                            {loaded.text || t("mail.emptyBody")}
+                          </pre>
+                        )}
+                      </>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                )}
+              </section>
+            );
+          })}
+
+          {/* The reply is written here, under the messages it answers, so they
+              stay in view while it is typed. */}
+          <div ref={replyAnchor} className="flex flex-col gap-3">
+            {reply ? (
+              <div className="rounded-xl bg-dark-panel p-3 shadow-edge">
+                <Composer
+                  key={reply.nonce}
+                  variant="inline"
+                  initial={reply.initial}
+                  onSent={() => {
+                    setReply(null);
+                    void load(false);
+                    notifyMailStateChanged();
+                    props.onChanged();
+                  }}
+                  onDiscarded={() => setReply(null)}
+                />
+              </div>
+            ) : (
+              infos &&
+              infos.length > 0 && (
+                <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+                  <button type="button" onClick={() => void startReply("reply")} className={replyButtonClass}>
+                    <Reply className="h-4 w-4" />
+                    {t("mail.reply")}
+                  </button>
+                  {canReplyAll && (
+                    <button type="button" onClick={() => void startReply("replyAll")} className={replyButtonClass}>
+                      <ReplyAll className="h-4 w-4" />
+                      {t("mail.replyAll")}
+                    </button>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              )
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </motion.article>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/services/webmail/src/conversations.test.ts b/services/webmail/src/conversations.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf5d252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/webmail/src/conversations.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+import {
+  initiallyOpen,
+  messageKey,
+  participantsLine,
+  replyTarget,
+  type ThreadMessageInfo,
+  type ThreadParticipant,
+} from "./lib/conversations";
+
+const message = (uid: number, over: Partial<ThreadMessageInfo> = {}): ThreadMessageInfo => ({
+  uid,
+  folder: "INBOX",
+  subject: "s",
+  sender_address: "a@x.test",
+  from_display_name: "",
+  snippet: "",
+  received_at: "2026-10-22T10:00:00Z",
+  has_attachments: false,
+  seen: true,
+  flagged: false,
+  answered: false,
+  own: false,
+  ...over,
+});
+
+describe("which messages of a conversation start open", () => {
+  it("opens the newest one and leaves the older read ones as a line", () => {
+    const open = initiallyOpen([message(1), message(2), message(3)]);
+    expect([...open]).toEqual(["inbox:3"]);
+  });
+
+  it("also opens what somebody wrote and has not been read, wherever it is", () => {
+    const open = initiallyOpen([message(1, { seen: false }), message(2), message(3)]);
+    expect(open.has("inbox:1")).toBe(true);
+    expect(open.has("inbox:3")).toBe(true);
+    expect(open.has("inbox:2")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("does not open my own message just because it carries no read flag", () => {
+    const open = initiallyOpen([message(1, { seen: false, own: true }), message(2)]);
+    expect(open.has("inbox:1")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("is empty for nothing", () => {
+    expect(initiallyOpen([]).size).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("keys", () => {
+  // The same UID in two folders is two messages.
+  it("tells the same uid apart across folders", () => {
+    expect(messageKey({ folder: "INBOX", uid: 4 })).not.toBe(messageKey({ folder: "Sent", uid: 4 }));
+  });
+  it("ignores the case of the folder name", () => {
+    expect(messageKey({ folder: "Sent", uid: 4 })).toBe(messageKey({ folder: "sent", uid: 4 }));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("who a reply answers", () => {
+  it("is the newest message somebody else wrote", () => {
+    const target = replyTarget([message(1), message(2, { own: true }), message(3, { own: true })]);
+    expect(target?.uid).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to the last message when everything is mine", () => {
+    expect(replyTarget([message(1, { own: true }), message(2, { own: true })])?.uid).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("is nothing for an empty conversation", () => {
+    expect(replyTarget([])).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("the participants line", () => {
+  const p = (name: string, address: string, me = false): ThreadParticipant => ({ name, address, me });
+
+  it("names the owner as me", () => {
+    expect(participantsLine([p("Ana Souza", "ana@x.test"), p("Lucas", "me@x.test", true)], "me")).toBe("Ana, me");
+  });
+
+  it("keeps the whole name when there is only one writer", () => {
+    expect(participantsLine([p("Ana Souza", "ana@x.test")], "me")).toBe("Ana Souza");
+  });
+
+  it("uses the address when there is no name, and does not cut it", () => {
+    expect(participantsLine([p("", "ana@x.test"), p("Bob Lee", "bob@x.test")], "me")).toBe("ana@x.test, Bob");
+  });
+
+  it("is empty for no one", () => {
+    expect(participantsLine([], "me")).toBe("");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/services/webmail/src/lib/conversations.ts b/services/webmail/src/lib/conversations.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ae1bb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/webmail/src/lib/conversations.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react";
+
+/**
+ * Mail read as conversations: one row per conversation in the list, and the
+ * messages of one stacked in the reader.
+ */
+
+export interface ThreadParticipant {
+  name: string;
+  address: string;
+  me: boolean;
+}
+
+/** One row of the conversation list. `uid` is the newest message in the folder. */
+export interface ThreadSummary {
+  thread_id: string;
+  uid: number;
+  subject: string;
+  sender_address: string;
+  from_display_name: string;
+  snippet: string;
+  received_at: string;
+  has_attachments: boolean;
+  message_count: number;
+  unseen_count: number;
+  seen: boolean;
+  flagged: boolean;
+  answered: boolean;
+  participants: ThreadParticipant[];
+}
+
+export interface ThreadMessageInfo {
+  uid: number;
+  folder: string;
+  subject: string;
+  sender_address: string;
+  from_display_name: string;
+  snippet: string;
+  received_at: string;
+  has_attachments: boolean;
+  seen: boolean;
+  flagged: boolean;
+  answered: boolean;
+  own: boolean;
+}
+
+/** A UID is only unique inside its folder, and a conversation spans folders. */
+export function messageKey(message: { folder: string; uid: number }): string {
+  return `${message.folder.toLowerCase()}:${message.uid}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Who wrote, for the list: names in the order they first wrote, the owner as
+ * "me", and a first name where there are several so the line fits.
+ */
+export function participantsLine(participants: ThreadParticipant[], meLabel: string): string {
+  if (participants.length === 0) return "";
+  const several = participants.length > 1;
+  return participants
+    .map((p) => {
+      if (p.me) return meLabel;
+      const name = (p.name || p.address).trim();
+      // "Ana Souza" becomes "Ana" beside other names, but an address stays whole.
+      return several && !name.includes("@") ? name.split(/\s+/)[0] : name;
+    })
+    .join(", ");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Which messages start open: the newest, and anything not yet read that
+ * someone else wrote. The rest are one line each, so a long conversation does
+ * not push the message that matters off the screen.
+ */
+export function initiallyOpen(messages: ThreadMessageInfo[]): Set<string> {
+  const open = new Set<string>();
+  if (messages.length === 0) return open;
+  open.add(messageKey(messages[messages.length - 1]));
+  for (const m of messages) {
+    if (!m.seen && !m.own) open.add(messageKey(m));
+  }
+  return open;
+}
+
+/** The message a reply answers: the newest one somebody else wrote. */
+export function replyTarget(messages: ThreadMessageInfo[]): ThreadMessageInfo | null {
+  for (let i = messages.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    if (!messages[i].own) return messages[i];
+  }
+  return messages.length > 0 ? messages[messages.length - 1] : null;
+}
+
+interface Preferences {
+  signature: string;
+  auto_save_drafts: boolean;
+  conversation_view: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether the list shows conversations. Kept on the account, so the choice
+ * follows it to every browser. On until the account says otherwise.
+ *
+ * `ready` is false until the account has answered: the list waits for it, or
+ * it would load one way and then reload the other.
+ */
+export function useConversationView() {
+  const [prefs, setPrefs] = useState<Preferences | null>(null);
+  const [ready, setReady] = useState(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let cancelled = false;
+    fetch("/api/v1/user/preferences", { cache: "no-store" })
+      .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null))
+      .then((data) => {
+        if (!cancelled && data) setPrefs(data);
+      })
+      .catch(() => undefined)
+      .finally(() => {
+        if (!cancelled) setReady(true);
+      });
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  const enabled = prefs?.conversation_view ?? true;
+
+  const setEnabled = useCallback(
+    async (next: boolean) => {
+      if (!prefs) return false;
+      setPrefs({ ...prefs, conversation_view: next });
+      try {
+        // The whole record goes back: the endpoint replaces the signature with
+        // whatever it is given, so saving only the switch would blank it.
+        const res = await fetch("/api/v1/user/preferences", {
+          method: "POST",
+          headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+          body: JSON.stringify({ ...prefs, conversation_view: next }),
+        });
+        if (!res.ok) throw new Error("rejected");
+        return true;
+      } catch {
+        setPrefs(prefs);
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+    [prefs],
+  );
+
+  return { enabled, ready, setEnabled };
+}
diff --git a/services/webmail/src/lib/renderMessage.ts b/services/webmail/src/lib/renderMessage.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3845cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/webmail/src/lib/renderMessage.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { sanitizeEmailHtml, blockRemoteImages, unblockRemoteImages } from "./sanitizer";
+import { resolveInlineImages, buildReaderDocument, type InlineImages } from "./emailBody";
+
+/** What it takes to draw a message's body. */
+export interface RenderableBody {
+  html: string;
+  inline_images?: InlineImages;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The document the reader frame renders, or null for a message with no HTML.
+ *
+ * Order matters: sanitise first so nothing downstream handles untrusted
+ * markup, then resolve the message's own inline parts, then block or restore
+ * remote sources - which is the only part the reader chooses.
+ */
+export function messageDocument(message: RenderableBody, showImages: boolean): string | null {
+  if (!message.html) return null;
+  const sanitized = sanitizeEmailHtml(message.html);
+  if (!sanitized) return null;
+  const withInline = resolveInlineImages(sanitized, message.inline_images ?? {});
+  const body = showImages ? unblockRemoteImages(withInline) : blockRemoteImages(withInline);
+  return buildReaderDocument(body);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether anything was actually held back, so the privacy bar is not shown over
+ * a message that has no remote content at all.
+ */
+export function hasBlockedRemoteContent(message: RenderableBody): boolean {
+  if (!message.html) return false;
+  const sanitized = resolveInlineImages(sanitizeEmailHtml(message.html), message.inline_images ?? {});
+  return blockRemoteImages(sanitized) !== sanitized;
+}
diff --git a/services/webmail/src/mail-state-integrity.test.ts b/services/webmail/src/mail-state-integrity.test.ts
index cf53e66..11c2ebc 100644
--- a/services/webmail/src/mail-state-integrity.test.ts
+++ b/services/webmail/src/mail-state-integrity.test.ts
@@ -106,13 +106,17 @@ describe("read and unread state", () => {
 
 describe("the reader pane", () => {
   it("resolves the message's own inline images", () => {
-    const page = code(MAIL_PAGE);
-    expect(page).toContain("resolveInlineImages");
-    expect(page).toContain("inline_images");
+    // The pipeline moved to one place both readers - a single message and a
+    // conversation - draw through, so it is checked there.
+    const render = code("src/lib/renderMessage.ts");
+    expect(render).toContain("resolveInlineImages");
+    expect(render).toContain("inline_images");
+    expect(code(MAIL_PAGE)).toContain("messageDocument");
+    expect(code("src/components/ThreadReader.tsx")).toContain("messageDocument");
   });
 
   it("renders the body inside the tested document rather than a bare fragment", () => {
-    expect(code(MAIL_PAGE)).toContain("buildReaderDocument");
+    expect(code("src/lib/renderMessage.ts")).toContain("buildReaderDocument");
   });
 
   // A fixed 500px frame clipped every long message and left a slab of white