#19: fix F1-F3 defects found auditing the phases against PLAN.md

Every fix here is a case where the code and the plan disagreed, and the
code was wrong.

Certificates (section 8.2, 8.4). The parser documented that it skipped
expired entries but never checked, so an expired certificate would be
served until every handshake failed. LastReload() only advanced when
acme.json changed - and it does not change for sixty days - which made
the timestamp risk R2 monitors indistinguishable from a watcher gone
blind. Expiry is now checked on every pass, LastReload records the check
and LastChange the swap, and the <7d/<24h alerts of section 8.4 exist.

ARC (section 5). buildArcSealer resolved the DKIM key at startup, before
runDnsReconciler had provisioned one. On a first boot ARC was disabled
until someone restarted the process, which the log even admitted while
offering no way for it to start. A LazySealer binds on first use instead.

Health (section 8.4). There was no degraded state at all. /health now
reports one - still 200, because restarting cannot fix a certificate
Traefik never issued.

Bounces. DSNs were sent From postmaster@lambdamail.local, a domain that
does not resolve, so the notification was itself undeliverable. They now
carry the configured mail host, a Message-ID, and Auto-Submitted so a
vacation responder cannot loop against them.

Fan-out atomicity (section 6.1). Persist ran one transaction per
recipient, so a failure halfway through an alias fan-out left earlier
recipients with a copy while the sender was told to retry - and the retry
delivered to them twice. PersistAll commits the whole delivery or none of
it. Verified against Postgres by reverting the repository to the old
behaviour and confirming the new test fails on it.

SMTP replies. The use case encoded replies in error text ("550 5.7.1 ...")
which the adapter re-parsed by prefix, so rewording a message could turn a
permanent refusal into a retry. SmtpRejection carries the decision and the
adapter renders it.

Repository tests. These only run with TEST_DATABASE_URL, which CI does
set - so the job was red: copy and expunge seeded a 68-character digest
into a CHAR(64) column, and three others used fixed digests that collide
with the UNIQUE index on any re-run. A shared testBlobDigest() helper
fixes both; the suite now passes twice in a row against one database.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

services/protocols/internal/application/usecase/process_inbound_email.go

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func (uc *ProcessInboundEmailUseCase) Handle(ctx context.Context, input ProcessI
 		// having published it. Quarantine is left to the spam filter, which
 		// files rather than refuses.
 		if authResult.DMARC == port.AuthResultFail && authResult.DmarcPolicy == "reject" {
-			return errors.New("550 5.7.1 DMARC policy rejects this message")
+			return rejectDmarc()
 		}
 
 		if authResult.AuthenticationResults != "" {
@@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ func (uc *ProcessInboundEmailUseCase) Handle(ctx context.Context, input ProcessI
 		if scanRes != nil {
 			switch scanRes.Verdict {
 			case valueobject.ScanVerdictVirusReject:
-				return errors.New("554 5.7.1 Virus detected: " + scanRes.VirusName)
+				return rejectVirus(scanRes.VirusName)
 			case valueobject.ScanVerdictSpamReject:
-				return errors.New("554 5.7.1 Spam threshold exceeded")
+				return rejectSpam()
 			case valueobject.ScanVerdictGreylist:
-				return errors.New("451 4.7.1 Greylisted, please try again later")
+				return deferGreylisted()
 			case valueobject.ScanVerdictSpamJunk:
 				targetFolder = "Junk"
 			}
@@ -229,8 +229,14 @@ func (uc *ProcessInboundEmailUseCase) Handle(ctx context.Context, input ProcessI
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// Every recipient is handed to the repository at once so the whole
+	// delivery commits or none of it does. Persisting them one call at a time
+	// would mean a failure halfway through leaves the earlier recipients with
+	// a copy while the sender is told to retry - and the retry delivers to
+	// them a second time.
+	persistInputs := make([]port.PersistInboundMessageInput, len(input.Recipients))
 	for i, recipient := range input.Recipients {
-		_, err := uc.messages.Persist(ctx, port.PersistInboundMessageInput{
+		persistInputs[i] = port.PersistInboundMessageInput{
 			MailboxID:        recipient.ID,
 			Blob:             blob,
 			SenderAddress:    input.Sender,
@@ -239,11 +245,16 @@ func (uc *ProcessInboundEmailUseCase) Handle(ctx context.Context, input ProcessI
 			SPFResult:        authResult.SPF,
 			DKIMResult:       authResult.DKIM,
 			DMARCResult:      authResult.DMARC,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
 		}
+	}
 
+	if _, err := uc.messages.PersistAll(ctx, persistInputs); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Notifications happen only after the commit: an IDLE client told about a
+	// message that then rolled back would show one that does not exist.
+	for _, recipient := range input.Recipients {
 		if uc.trackerManager != nil && uc.folders != nil {
 			folderRec, err := uc.folders.FindByName(ctx, recipient.ID.String(), targetFolder)
 			if err == nil && folderRec != nil {